The Main Causes And Prevention Strategies Of Homelessness

Abstract: The main causes and prevention strategies of homelessness are briefly explained in this paper. The main cause of homelessness for the past 20-25 years is Poverty and Foreclosure, they are discussed in detail in this paper. Some strategies to stop homelessness are also discussed clearly. In this paper, we explicitly have discussed about the various measures to eradicate the homelessness and poverty. Introduction: Poverty: There are many people around the world who lack basic amenities like food, shelter and clothing. These amenities are not available for many people in this world. The depravity of these amenities is making many people go homeless. The lacking amenities have brought many people below the lowest economic standards. To get a good grip on the poverty, we define a poverty line which differentiates the people above the basic economic and below the economic line. Poverty has led to many devastating effects among which homelessness and eroding work opportunities are the primary concerns of the property. Homelessness and neediness are inseparably interfaced. The destitute are regularly not able to pay for lodging, nourishment, childcare, health awareness, and training. Troublesome decisions must be made when restricted assets cover just some of these necessities. Regularly it is lodging, which ingests a high extent of pay that must be dropped. On the off chance that you are poor, you are basic ally an ailment, a mischance, or a paycheck far fromShow MoreRelatedThe Main Causes And Prevention Strategies Of Homelessness1193 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The main causes and prevention strategies of homelessness are briefly explained in this paper. The main cause of homelessness for the past 20-25 years is Poverty and Foreclosure, they are discussed in detail in this paper. Some strategies to stop homelessness are also discussed clearly. In this paper, we explicitly have discussed about the various measures to eradicate the homelessness and poverty. Introduction Homelessness is described as the state where people are deprivedRead MoreOffice Of Columbi A Policy Analysis Team Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesBowser is confident that resolving homelessness in the nation’s capital within the next four years is an achievable end. Stakeholders DC’s Mayor Muriel Bowser is very committed to â€Å"ending long-term homelessness in the District of Columbia†. The mayor and her team believe that the administration’s plan for homelessness is ambitious but achievable. The plan aims at cultivating partnerships with non-profit providers, advocates, persons experiencing homelessness, business partners, and the philanthropicRead MoreMayor Schells Zero Homeless Family Pledge1240 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: 2 Policy Choices: 2 Pre Implementation and Design Strategies 4 Steps Taken to Reengineer the Program 4 Importance of Conducting Assessments Prior to Implementation 5 References: 6 Abstract: The paper discusses Mayors Schells zero homeless family pledge. Mayor Schell was determined to eliminate the homelessness in Seattle when he became the mayor in 1998, to achieve his mission he and his team came up with some strategies and restructuring which are discussed in the paper. Read MoreThe Emotional, Social, And Academic Effects Of Homelessness On Children1291 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of homelessness on children Hardly a day in life goes by without seeing a homeless child trying to survive, especially in developing countries. Unwanted sightings of homeless children happen every day both in developed and underdeveloped countries. The increase in divorce and trend in cohabitation has led to an increasing number of children being homeless. As stated in the â€Å" Homeless Facts Children and Homelessness - Some Facts conducted by the Committee on Temporary Shelter, homelessness is ofRead MoreHomelessness And The United Kingdom1747 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness has been a globalised concern for centuries. In United Kingdom homelessness predominantly describes in the lines homeless legislation such the Housing Act (2004) and Homeless persons Act (2002) Burrows, Pleace and Quilgars, (2004). This in predominantly surrounding who is perceived as homeless based certain criteria whereby the individual cannot be intentional homeless. However, priority is given to women who have children and women who are vulnerable, in cases such as domestic violenceRead MoreThe Policy And Actions That Can Be Taken For End The Homelessness Issue1521 Words   |  7 Pages The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the policy and actions that can be taken to end the homelessness issue. Homeless is a serious multi-faceted issue that requires the involvement of many agencies, policymakers, governments and faith-organizations. Having no home is a miserable experience, causing health problems, exacerbating existing health problems, and complicating treatment.   It is so difficult to find a safe place to stay, obtain enough food, keep clean, and stay outRead MoreSubstance Abuse Within The Community3198 Words   |  13 Pagesfocused on within the community. Three Causes Of The Drug Problem Within The Community: Particularly, within the homeless population, substance abuse can be cited as either a cause or as a result (Substance Abuse and Homelessness, 2009). On one hand, it has been proven that addictive disorders disrupt relationships with family and friends and often cause people to lose their jobs, leading them to the path of becoming homeless (Substance Abuse and Homelessness, 2009). However, on the other handRead MoreA Society Without Drugs1263 Words   |  6 Pages(CBS news). The second-most abused category of drugs after marijuana among young people is the usage of prescription drugs (CBS news). Prescription drug abuse is the Nation s fastest-growing drug problem, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. Misuse of prescription drugs is seen mostly among teens, and they believe these substances are safer than illicit drugs because they are prescribed by a healthcare professional and dispensedRead MoreChronic Homelessnes s : Homeless And Homeless1778 Words   |  8 Pages Natalie Arola Ms. Madson College Prep Composition Chronic Homelessness In 2010, approximately 107,289 were chronically homeless. The national decrease in chronic homelessness was only about 10.6% from 2008 to 2009. Most people may not realize the difference between being homeless and being chronically homeless. However, these two are very similar but also very different. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), â€Å"chronically homeless individuals areRead MoreThe Issue At Hand Is Not The Dropout Age946 Words   |  4 PagesMain Cause After analyzing the bill, considering other factors that lead to dropout and the results of dropping out, we came to the conclusion that the issue at hand is not the dropout age. The ultimate cause for this issue is actually the way that the education system is setup. Primarily, schools are ran on the assumption that everyone around the same age is on the same level, can learn in the same ways and at the same rate. Also, each level of education is in preparation for the next level of education

Eating Disorders Social And Cultural Factors - 1820 Words

Eating Disorders: Social and Cultural Factors Donna Vega West Coast University October 24, 2014 Abstract In today’s society, eating disorders has become one of the main factors leading to the increased mortality rates in the United States. The two major eating disorders include Anorexia and Bulimia. Young adults especially, are in greater risk of having an eating disorder. With eating disorders being the third leading cause of death in young adolescent girls, it has also acquired 15 percent of young males (Relevant, 2013). Social and cultural factors have been known to contribute to the onset of eating disorders, including media, family, and peer issue. Although such factors may lead to eating disorders, it may also reduce the cause. In this research paper, the effects of social and cultural factors will be compared to its effects on eating disorders. Keywords: young adults, adolescents, eating disorders Eating Disorders: Social and Cultural Factors Eating disorders has become a major health problem in the United States. They have been characterized as abnormal eating habits, involving insufficient or excessive consumption of food. Some of the common eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In anorexia nervosa, a person tends to find starving themselves as a way of dieting. In bulimia nervosa, an individual may tend to eating excessive amount of food and later discards its contents by purging. Among the United States population,Show MoreRelated The Cause of Eating Disorders Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cause of Eating Disorders Although the causes are many and varied, we know that people with eating disorders often use food and the control of food in an attempt to compensate for feelings and emotions that may otherwise seem overwhelming. For some, dieting, bingeing and purging may begin as a way to cope with painful emotions and a way to feel in control of ones life, but ultimately, these behaviors will damage a persons physical and emotional health, self-esteem and sense of competenceRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Causes1418 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: Eating Disorder Bulimia Nervosa and Its Causes Glemerlin Garcia Mercy College  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by weight loss behaviors driven by self-evaluations that are dependent on body weight and shape concerns (Dryer, Tyson, Kiernan, 2013). There is a false myth that this disorder is a life choice but it is a serious illness that could cause damage to a person’s eating habits. This disorder became noticeable a few years ago with allRead MoreA Brief Note On Anorexia And Bulimia Nervosa1561 Words   |  7 PagesIn today s western society, an abundance of factors contribute to the way one thinks and feels about themselves physically, and essentially how one would act upon this. All over the world, messages and images of skinny women are engrossing people s lives, leaving negative and long-lasting affects behind. Current beliefs of western culture suggest one must obtain a perfect, which has become analogous to thin, physique in order to achieve happiness and success, causing many young women to feelRead MoreHow Eating Disorde rs Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thoughtRead More Eating Disorders, Body Image and Cultural Contexts Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders, Body Image and Cultural Contexts Although a great deal of early research on body image and eating disorders focused on upper/middle class Caucasians living in America or under the influence of Western ideals, many researchers are realizing that eating disorders are not isolated to this particular group. They are also realizing the differences in body image between occur in different races and genders (Pate, Pumariega, Hester 1992). Recently, several studies have shown that eatingRead MoreEating Disorders Affecting American Women1082 Words   |  5 Pages Eating disorders effecting American women have been on the rise in recent year. The alarming trend of increasing cases of these psychological disorders has sparked intellectual inquiry into their shared features. The rising amount of societal pressures that many women around the country feel have caused a lot of women to turn to food as a coping mechanism. Whether it is control exhorted over food or eating as a means to feel numb, women look to food to make thems elves feel a certain way. FoodRead MoreEating Disorders And Their Effects On Victims Of Them1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts someone suffering an eating disorder hear every second of a day. In this essay, I will explain eating disorders and their effects on victims of them. Eating disorders are major health risks, and can be life-threatening. Eating disorders are defined as abnormal eating habits and extreme worry about one’s body image. They are mental illnesses that exist in both males and females, but are most commonly seen in females between the ages of 12-25. Eating disorders are not only about losing weightRead MoreGeneral Education Requirement For Psch 2701410 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific psychological disorder (not a category, e.g., panic disorder is okay but not â€Å"anxiety† disorder) that fits each definition and briefly state in what way(s) the disorder fits that definition well. Choose a different disorder for each definition. (6 pts) a. Social deviance: When there is a behavior seems contrary to the dominant norms of a certain society, this can be regarded as a socially deviant behavior. Clinical psychologists must consider cultural and social components of a behaviorRead MoreThe Eating Disorder And Anorexia Nervosa1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe eating disorder anorexia nervosa is one of complex nature that is caused and sustained by many interconnected factors of life. Characterized by strict dieting, an unrealistic perception of body image, excessive exercise, depression, and OCD, this disorder has the ability to boycott the lives of many individuals (Pinel, 2014). In order to understand the effects that this disorder has, it is essential to look at the socio-cultural, psychological, and physiological factors this disorder can entailRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social media is a variety of platforms provided to the public as a medium for expression and communication. Seemingly, social media could be viewed as a positive contribution to society, but one must consider the underlying effects of society. Many of us don’t take into account the role that social media plays in the way we perceive things, think, and live our lives. Social media plays a critical part in societal norms. â€Å"Social norms are rules of conduct that governs interactions among individuals

Organizational Behavior - Attitude And Job Satisfaction Of Employees

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behavior ,Attitude And Job Satisfaction Of Employees. Answer: Introduction: A happy employee generally signifies the fact that he is happy with the work he is performing. This in turn helps in improving the quality of their work. Attitude and job satisfaction are terms that might not always be linked with the organization but also the recruits. If employees would be enjoying their employment, they would not be requiring external inspiration from the organizational management, but as an alternative the contentment they accomplish from completion of their work would be motivating them. Over the period of time, organizations have been focusing on the ways and strategies for developing the performance. As per Jain and Kaur (2014), this takes in a thorough study and evaluation of both the material and human resources, there is requirement to focus on the fundamental patterns of employees at the workplace. This would be enabling the organization to organize its human sources in the most effective of manners. Motivation is considered to be a key component in the organizational behavior as employees requires being motivated for exhibiting a behavior that would help in accomplishing the goals and objectives of the companies, thereby developing performance over time (Prabhakar and Yaseen 2016). Analysis: The attitude of an employee towards the management might influence his or her relationship with management. Any negative attitude towards the clout would source clashes at the workplace. According to Shooshtarian, Ameli and Aminilari (2013), psychology has been another reason that influences the attitude of an individual. Another prime reason for negative attitude towards the organizational authority is jealous for their situation. This attitude influences productivity within the job in the negative way. If the attitude of the worker is stated to be negative, the chance of generating positive results is much lesser. There is existence of various issues that shapes the attitude of workers and job contentment either in the optimistic or unconstructive way. These issues takes into account the employee, management, statement, culture and the atmosphere for doing work. Management Role: The approach of the management in leading plays a vital role in approach of the workers and the job construction. Empowerment has been stated as one of the factors that have the ability in motivating for better productivity. If the management is willing to offer an employee the prospect to work as per their own standards, favored that these standards determine those of the organization, job productivity is bound to increase (Trevio, den Nieuwenboer and Kish-Gephart 2014). Strategic planning by the management is very important. This is vital when tackling with influencing the productivity in job. An example of a method to motivate the employees is the offering from the management of opportunities of negotiations for promotions and pay rise. This would be encouraging job productivity as the employees would want to obtain these awards. The objectives of the organization also influences the ways the management relays with the employees. If the purpose of the organization is to attain a definite percentage of profit within a business time, then it would be exerting much anxiety on the employees for increasing the efficiency. Positive influence is not the only way through which an increased productivity would be ensured. Some of the organizations have been offering a contract that clearly defines the amount of efficiency generally desirable from the employees. This in the case of a sales and marketing executive is the need for them in accomplishing the targets within a certain deadline. This might mount pressure on the employees of the organization, which in turn would be affecting their job fulfillment. In certain cases, the organization is not stated to be much strict with the human resources. The main issue with this fact is that the employees might unwind on the job and important deadlines might be missed. An orga nization might also be deciding on adding certain working days based on the goals. Conforming to such decision is hard and it might be leaving the employees in a bitter state and indignant towards the management (Suliman and Al Harethi 2013). This attitude would be affecting the productivity of the job, as the employees would be arriving at work with les or no motivation at all. Employee Role: According to Diestel, Wegge and Schmidt (2014), some individuals select professions based on their liking whereas others end up with something due to several pressures. Pressure sometimes comes from the requirement to make money. An individual choosing something that they have interest in, brings the bet out of them as they love in what they do. Love for their profession would then generate positivity in their attitude. In organizations it is being stated that a happy employee is always a productive employee. Productivity takes a beating when the employee only works for money. The main aim of such employees is to amplify their productivity for getting more money; however this tends to make them stressful and pungent (Al Mehrzi and Singh 2016). Since they have zero interest in the work they perform, satisfaction is hard to attain. Employees require several ways in releasing their stress for developing and improving in their work outlook and production. The work related anxiety is a common factor among most of the employees. This is majorly by the employees that do not practice any sort of job pleasure from the work. Strain is something that has the ability in leading individuals to solemn illness. This would be lowering the productivity factor from the absence of the employees in the workplace. Stress is generally comforted through taking of the breaks from work, mingling with the friends. The psychological progress is another aspect that has the capability in affecting the attitude. Psychology has been the determining feature of human behavior, affecting the ways individuals react and relate with others. Every individual reacts in different ways to diverse situations (Schlett and Ziegler 2014). An example is when the management is viciously honest about the work of an employee, some might interpret as a cavea t to do better with others taking it as a criticism and giving up. This mainly depends on the ways an individual makes certain decisions. External features like the family, the financial position are some of the things that affect the attitude of the employees. A strong employee is always a prolific employee and a pleased one. Employee Motivation at Work: Motivating employees have been at times stated to be a multifaceted responsibility requiring diplomacy and skills due to the personage nature. Even within the same culture, individuals are stated to be motivated by various factors based on their diversified backgrounds and value systems. It varies from country to country on what drives the workforce to work, like in Lithuania, money plays a key role in driving people to work, whereas, in Philippines it is the job security that plays the motivating factor. Social needs might be irrelevant in Nigeria, though the same might be an important reason for the performance in Japan. Two of the corporate facilitators have commenced a Dubai-based company of leadership development for boosting motivation and workplace engagement. In a recent survey conducted, it has been found that 56 per cent of the workforce form UAE is motivated (Scandura 2015). The UAE workforce is greatly motivated by the factors like benefits, salaries and other benefits with 62 per cent accounting for the same. Certain other factors like displaying skills and expressing creativity also scored high as the essential elements for the UAE workforce. As per Maslows hierarchy of needs, employees needs can vary as per the individuals. According to the theory of Maslow, the individuals needs are approved in the hierarchical order with the most primary or basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014). Maslow also hypothesized the fact that a need of lower level must be pleased before the need of the next level becomes the factor of motivation. In other words, it can be stated that a person who is homeless and hungry would never be motivated by the sense of job security, however would be taking up any job, despite of how secured the job actually is. It is only after producing enough to nourish and accommodate him/her that the job security worry takes shape of a important concern (Cherian and Jacob 2013). This states that in Lithuania, a child who is not aware of the fact from where the next meal is coming from will be determined to work harder, even when he knows that the job is of temporary nature. On ot her hand, most of the western cultures boasted by the social structure guarantees the daily meal of an individual; the positions permanency would motivate people enough. Maslows theory implies the fact that within the same organization and among the same employee group, individuals would be behaving in different manner as per their professed needs (Perrew et al. 2014). It gives birth to the question of what causes an individual to be more committed towards an organization that he/she is actually prepared to stay longer with the company, whereas another individual might discontinue doing the same after a period of few years. It takes in another question on why some of the companies are better in retaining their people than the others. The main determinants of the attitude of employees along with the behavior are the values that are parallel with the values of the organization (Miner 2015). It has been argued over the years that both the instrumental and the terminal values have been playing vital roles in the decisions that are being made by individuals, influencing their behavior towards the project. According to DuBrin (2013), values can be defined as the fundamental conviction where a precise conduct mode is either socially or personally preferable to a contrary conduct mode. They generally symbolize the judgment of what the individuals or the companies consider being significant. They are the primary basis of the ways actions and decisions are being evaluated. The supremacy of the deeply held values is that they conclude the ways individuals act without much thinking on the ways they generally react to different situations. It can be squabbled that positive outcomes in jobs are realized when the personal values of an entity are analogous to the values of the association. Values are significant in considering the motivation of employees because they have been offering an understanding of the attitudes, individuals motivation and behavior along with culture, affecting the perception of individuals around the globe. In the two-factor theory, Herzberg theorized the fact that several motivation factors can be clustered under two broader categories. The primary ones, Herzberg referred as the Hygiene factors and the elevated ones, the Motivators. As per Loi, Chan and Lam (2014), like Maslows hierarchy of needs hypothesis, Herzberg explained the fact that although the hygiene factors do not stimulate the employees from their own, they need to attend before the motivators can be effectual. Some of the instances of hygiene factors are the conditions for working, supervision method, work safety and money. Motivators examples would be giving recognition along with praise, giving responsibilities to the employees, achievement and promotion. The theory of Herzberg implies the fact that the factors that are being included in the context of job are implausible in motivating the employees working under work environment of unsatisfactory nature (Robbins and Judge 2013). It seems much sensible where the manager starts from the identification of the universal factors that is required to be present for other motivators in working effectively. This fact helps in deciding which approach would be best in any of the given situation. Influence of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Behavior: Job satisfaction in UAE has the ability in affecting an individuals commitment level to the organization, the rate of job turnover and absenteeism. It can also involve the level of performance, willingness of employees in participating in the problem-solving activities outside their job portrayal outline. It can be stated when people in UAE are satisfied with the work they have been performing, and then they would be enjoying their work in more pleasant of manners. The individuals who are mostly satisfied with their jobs usually do not find much difficulty in getting up and going to their daily work. The relationship between the behavior and attitude has a well-built impact on the affiliation between the organizational commitment and job approval. The association between the behavior and attitude has been taken up for study in vast manner, determining the fact that the two exists on a scale (Pinder 2014). There is existence of moderators like the intent of changing ones attitude that in turn would be changing ones activities. Attitude takes into account behavioral achievement, in terms of the connection between the contentment in jobs and organizational pledge, there are presence of numerous factors that can have an impact on the relationship. The first factor might be the levels of comparison. For instance, an individual might be working in an organization; feeling fairly committed towards the organization on whole, but might not be satisfied with the amount being paid to him/her. Thereby, the balance between the behavior, that is organizational commitment and that individuals attitude (job satisfaction) would not be in line with one another. The second factor would be the alternative options for the individuals. This asks the question whether a particular organization is best for the individual, or whether there is something better for him/her. In the present scenario, the attitude of the individual towards the job might be contentment, however the individual might not be feeling dedicated towards the organization. If any individual is not devoted towards the company through his performance, the individual might start participating in counterproductive work behaviors due to the requirement of obligation. Another factor w ould be the investment that one has positioned in his or her job. An individual might feel that they have endowed so many years of theirs into functioning for a particular association, but happiness is something that has gone missing from the work that they do on regular basis at the organization. According to Baranski et al. (2017), in this scenario, the individual might weigh his decision of leaving the organization and the probable consequences of his leaving the job, like focusing on factors such as seniority, missing retirement funds and promotions, or staying at the organization where he/she is not satisfied. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the employee value and attitudes have been the key impacts on the job satisfaction of individuals. They also take into account the happiness of employees at workplace that influences their productivity. Attitude and job satisfaction is important from the perspectives of both the employees and the organization. Motivation is one of the factors that gets overlooked by the managers at certain times though it is crucial in recognizing the strong impact that situational contexts have on motivated performance. As per Googles Vice President of people development, the aspiration of being No. 1 globally should be less, more emphasis should be on the present and future employees who should be happy working here at Google, because that is what would make Google a successful company. The three factors that have been discussed in the influence of job satisfaction on organizational behavior section needs to be line with the other. If there is any sort of inconsistency, cognitive dissension is expected to crop up. For example, the individual who is loyal to the organization but not at all pleased with his or her job might feel that the only technique to lift up the experience of cognitive conflict would be in leaving the company References: Al Mehrzi, N. and Singh, S.K., 2016. Competing through employee engagement: a proposed framework.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,65(6), pp.831-843. Baranski, E.N., Gardiner, G., Guillaume, E., Aveyard, M., Bastian, B., Bronin, I., Ivanova, C., Cheng, J.T., Kock, F.S.D., Denissen, J.J. and Gallardo-Pujol, D., 2017. Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries.Social Psychological and Personality Science,8(3), pp.252-266. Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. and Courtright, S.H., 2015. Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), pp.111-135. Cherian, J. and Jacob, J., 2013. Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.80. Diestel, S., Wegge, J. and Schmidt, K.H., 2014. The impact of social context on the relationship between individual job satisfaction and absenteeism: The roles of different foci of job satisfaction and work-unit absenteeism.Academy of Management Journal,57(2), pp.353-382. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Ibrahim, M. and Al Falasi, S., 2014. Employee loyalty and engagement in UAE public sector.Employee Relations,36(5), pp.562-582. Jain, R. and Kaur, S., 2014. Impact of work environment on job satisfaction.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,4(1), pp.1-8. Loi, R., Chan, K.W. and Lam, L.W., 2014. Leadermember exchange, organizational identification, and job satisfaction: A social identity perspective.Journal of Occupational and Organizational psychology,87(1), pp.42-61. Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. and Luthans, K.W., 2015.Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Perrew, P.L., Hochwarter, W.A., Ferris, G.R., McAllister, C.P. and Harris, J.N., 2014. Developing a passion for work passion: Future directions on an emerging construct.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(1), pp.145-150. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Prabhakar, G.V. and Yaseen, A., 2016. Decision-making styles and leadership: evidences from the UAE.International Journal of Management Development,1(4), pp.287-306. Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2013. Organizational behavior. Scandura, T.A., 2015.Essentials of organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. SAGE Publications. Schlett, C. and Ziegler, R., 2014. Job emotions and job cognitions as determinants of job satisfaction: The moderating role of individual differences in need for affect.Journal of Vocational Behavior,84(1), pp.74-89. Shooshtarian, Z., Ameli, F. and Aminilari, M., 2013. The effect of labor's emotional intelligence on their job satisfaction, job performance and commitment.Iranian Journal of Management Studies,6(1), p.29. Suliman, A. and Al Harethi, B., 2013. Perceived work climate and employee performance in public security organizations in the UAE.Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,7(3), pp.410-424. Trevio, L.K., den Nieuwenboer, N.A. and Kish-Gephart, J.J., 2014. (Un) ethical behavior in organizations.Annual Review of Psychology,65, pp.635-660. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Wilhelm Wundt Essay Example

Wilhelm Wundt Essay Wilhelm Maximiliam Wundt stands as a historical figure in the development and propagation of experimental psychology. He is known as the founding father of the first laboratory for psychology. He was born in Neckarau, German in 1832 and died in 1920. He was born to Titchener who was a minister in Lutheran. When he was aged six, his family vacated to Heidensheim at Baden. Wundt grew as a young precocious boy under the pupilage of Friedrich Muller who was an assistant to his father. He studied at Heidelberg and Gymnasiem before joining University of Tubingen while at the age of 19. However, he took a transfer to University of Heidelberg after one year and took medicine as his major. He declined medicine and joined physiology under the tutelage of the founding father of experimental psychology Johannes Muller. He took his doctorate degree at the age of 24 in Heidelberg and shared great moments in studying physiology with Hermann von Helmholtz in the same study physiology laboratory.In 1 871, Helmholtz left Heidelberg as a professor in physiology which gave Wundt the chance of replacing him. He however transferred to University of Zurich and became the chairman of inductive philosophy. In 1875, he was appointed in chairing the department of Leipzig’s philosophy. (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/wundtprofile.htm)He widely participated in politics while at Heidelberg. Ceremoniously, he was appointed in Baden parliament. As an icon in various disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, physiology and other disciplines, he wages an enormous attribute towards developing psychology. His work dominated various spheres of learning such as books, lecture halls and arenas.   His writings are estimated to totaling to 53000 pages which included articles in areas such as vision, hypnotism, human and animal psychology, poisons, spiritualism, politics, medicine and other areas of contagious human knowledge. Great foundations marked Wundt’s philosophical propagation. Generally, the position of the early 19th Century psychological standpoint was hallmarked by Kantian argument that scientific psychology was ideally impossible (Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990). The dogmatic inadequacy posited by Kant on psychology gave Wundt a base with which he would extra ordinarily explore the subject matter of psychology.The epic towards founding experimental psychology by Wundt was a struggle in disregarding the contemplations posited by other scholars and early philosophers like Max ,Weber, Emmanuel Kant and others. His foundations on the subject matter of experimental science in psychology started when he â€Å"triangulated† the various options about the same area of knowledge as formerly developed by others. Firstly, the starting point of his psychological development was by rejecting Fechner’s mysticism but at the same time maintaining the state of his approach in experimental psychology. In the same point, he maintained the pure state of physical interpretation on physiological experiments as propagated by Helmholtz. This was through his argument that any human experimentation revealed regularities of reality about the inner human psychology (Brent, Richard, 1997). The foundations of his exploration in the world of pragmatic knowledge were based on establishing a system of philosophico-scientific knowledge, politics and practice. He had a length admiration in developing his career through output of coherent ideas and philosophical attributes that addressed different spheres of human concern. However, despite a wide dimension of scope in the areas of human knowledge, great attribute goes to his contribution in psychology.The philosophical rational for studying Wundt is based on two conceptions. At one level, his arguments that age more than 100 years about legitimizing the non-reductionist account on human consciousness have been challenging as well as a resource scope of study to the philosophy of the mind and contemporary psychology. Nevertheless, in providing a tolerable ground in understanding the relationship between the traditional and the modern philosophy. Though there exists a wide domain of influence by him on different topics such as phenomenology, pragmatism and the neo-Kantianism, Wundt can perhaps be credited of developing the empirical methodologies together with his students that gave philosophy the chance of separate existence to the discipline of philosophy (Tracy, Michael, 2005)Across his historical biography, he is described as participating greatly towards different spheres of life. This includes his span in career development, politics, philosophy, administration and others preferential aspects. His career development also encompassed great acquisition of pragmatic and valid knowledge by been a student and later a lecture for philosophy and psychology at the university. In such for this true domain of knowledge, he continuously interacted with various do mains of human societal structures which gave him the capacity of writing many articles on different spheres of human life. Additionally, his wide participation in politics and change for the human society remains implicit in internalizing the contributions of Wundt in spheres of psychology.(http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/wundtprofile.htm)The realm towards his synthesis of psychology came towards the end of the 18th Century. This was fostered by the influence in the change of psychology as a discipline in philosophy. Psychology as formerly defined was changing the heart of its meaning such as the â€Å"mental substance†. â€Å"soul†, â€Å"the mind† and other aspects. However, the start of 19th Century saw a further change in psychology by regarding it to imply the state of â€Å"inner experience† or even human consciousness but which was different from the accounts of natural science of the sensible and external reality. The con troversial aspect of psychology led to an expanded framework of debate and the synthesis of a wide domain in explanations of what encompassed Psychology. However, Wundt brought all this controversy to a state of more rational description. Wundt’s invitation to studying psychology was fundamentally influenced by the arguments of people such Max Weber, Kant, Ben-David and others substantial icons. In study of his historical biography however, it fetches great philosophical authenticity in analysis his dimensions of concern in the subject matter of psychology. Down his history, Wundt expounded various study dimensions in defense of his theoretical development of psychology(Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990).Object and method of Experimental psychology.i) ObjectExperimental psychology was the starting point of Wilhelm’s search for adequate knowledge on psychology. To him he believed that the state of describing consciousness was the basis of experimental psychology. In order to d evelop a more concise understanding in psychology, Wundit identified â€Å"experimental† with â€Å"physiological† psychology. According to him therefore, experimental psychology entailed the study of the human consciousness which was through the aid of experimental protocols founded on natural sciences. The definition of psychology as developed by Wundt compounded of two aspects. Firstly, the state of consciousness was susceptible to experimentation. However, this argument was literally rejected by Kant. Secondly, psychology had it sole object consciousness which was the mental object despite conceived as been experimental (Tracy, Michael, 2005)The basic definition of consciousness by Wundt was the state of â€Å"inner experience†. To him, consciousness was the real and immediate phenomena that constituted the inner experience. There promulgated nothing beyond its proximities that established psychology whether psychophysical or physiological. In developing his psychological understanding, he did not separate psychology and soul. To him therefore, psychology develops to that which has a soul. This was his representation as been a radical empiricist. Accordingly, he described psychology as determined in whole or exclusive by what it predicates. Either, such predicates have their sole derivation from internal observations that are direct to what is been studied. Individual psychology also provided psychological inquiry. Consequently, every individual psychology was to become scientific when the inner phenomena went through experimental manipulation. Instead of accepting blindly what Kant had posited about injunctions to any possible scores of scientific psychology, he formulated that a person’s inner experiences had certain susceptibilities towards mathematical representation and experimentation (Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990).ii) MethodIn his drive towards rationale in psychology, he addressed the objections that had been argued by oth er philosophers in credit of psychophysical and physiological experimentation. His argument was based on the inquiry of how the complex phenomena that entailed the mind-body problem could be argued in physiological standpoint that resulted to psychological interpretation. According to him on the physiological state of argument, any experimentation that had response and stimulus were not adequately experiments about sensation (Donald, 1996). However, these were externally observed reactions and excitations of muscular tissues and nervous system. His innovations were modeled as an attempt of projecting the experimental rigor found in physiology in a wider domain founded by the inner experience trough a supplementation process of such experiments with procedures that were purely psychological. These procedures compounded his conventional method of Selbstbeobachtung which meant introspection or even a better state of self-observation. The development of Kant’s psychological model was based on the argument that that distinguished the inner and the external states of self experiences (Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990).   To him, since the inner experience fully distinguished itself from what came externally, every level of psychological development started with self observation which meant that the physiological experiment came as ancillary function. However, in support of self observation, Wundt debated on what was perceived by the other proponents of psychology as arguing that such self observation mainly compounded a paradoxical identity between the observed object and observing the subject. However, his argument towards the liberation of the ambiguity was that, the people were only altered by the phenomena that existed in the direction of attention between the coinciding states of the observed object and the observing subject (Brent, Richard, 1997).Individual psychology by WundtSensationLike the other early empiricists, he laid his concern in both perception and sensation in modeling human psychology. To him, sensation provided the closest connection between the physical world and the body. He argued that the apparatus of somatic sensory and sensations were highly important in developing human psychology. This was because sensations were mainly the points of contacts between the physical world and the psychological factors.   Sensations were therefore responsible for two-sided state of inquiry (Donald, 1996). First, it compounded the external state of environment in a stimulus. Secondly, it compounded the internal framework of psychological imagery that was defined by the provisions of the mental representation. Therefore, the Wundt psychological model encompassed the control over the external state of psychological experiment with which it generated a diverse framework of internal representations that appeared only to an introspective observer. Accordingly, the level of representations which constituted the innate contents of this co nsciousness had their source in sensations. Either, every pure sensation had three fundamental characteristics which are the â€Å"feeling-tone†, intensity and quality (Tracy, Michael, 2005). However, the intensity and quality of sensations was important in understanding the concept of psychological experimentation. Every sensation possessed an inner experience which was measured in the level of its intensity when a comparison was made between such different sensations. Additionally, sensory stimuli of the outer environment were measurable only by using physical methods. Psychology was then used in determining the extend of degree with which the immediate estimations in the strengths of the sensory stimuli corresponded or deviated from the real strength of this stimuli (Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990). The psychophysical measurement gave out to two complimentary tasks. Firstly, it determined the limitation in the values with which the state of stimulus changes was accompanied by the corresponding changes in the level of sensation. Elsewhere, it investigated the level of any lawful reactions that came between the change in the sensation and the change in the stimuli. Consequently, sensation could adequately be measured respectively to the change in the intensity that corresponded to change in stimuli strength. (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/wundtprofile.htm)ConsciousnessThe general psychological dispensation provides consciousness as component of the subjects: feeling, representation and willing. To Wundt, willingness and representations posited great concern in his psychological propagation. According to him, representational acts and representations were distinct though different aspects within a one flowing process. This was the formula towards the theory of actuality. To him, representations came as representational acts but not objects that showed constant properties as the proponents in the theory of substantiality (Donald, 1 996).The theoretical background of his development in psychology was rooted on the argument that the origin of consciousness was in sensations. However, such consciousness is not purely in atoms of individual sensations but rather occurring in a compounded autonomy. Wundt argued that sensations were connected to these representations through spatial ordering or temporal sequencing. Nevertheless, these representations were formed through sensations got through psychological synthesis. The form of representational synthesis was therefore the main characteristic feature in formulation of consciousness   (Cronax-Hillix, Terry, 1990).Experimental psychology in a theoretical frameworkWundt’s concern in experimental psychology was rooted in what constituted physiological psychology. To him, such physiological psychology depended on self observation rather than learning and sensation that were held in physiological inquiry. This state of self-observation was important in the analys is of the inner phenomena that defined consciousness (Brent, Richard, 1997)ConclusionThe historical standpoint of Wundt came as a refuge of great concern towards the ideals of psychology. He stands as a icon of diverse historical barometer towards developing a rationale in the aspects of experimental psychology. He founded himself as a structurilist with great search towards understanding human mind through a deepened evaluation of the constituting parts of the human consciousness. This was in his understanding that just like any chemical compound, the human state of mind was composed of various elements that were broken into different constituent parts. His imagination of psychology was as a form of science which gave the support that consciousness composed of various identifiable parts. Though governed by physiological and scientific approach towards studying psychology, he constantly employed the subject methodology of introspection though disregarded currently as providing no em pirical data (Donald, 1996)Wundt stands to be one of the concrete fathers that gave a light in psychology. His several works in physiological psychology have continued to be hallmark texts in studying psychology. Down his history as a re-known scholar, he extensively wrote texts on various subjects including psychology. Physiology, physics and philosophy. This writings are known to have been done across in his 65 years exploration in his career that was governed by a wide framework of thoughts. Wundt was devoted in understanding different areas of knowledgeReferenceBiography of Wilhelm Wundt. Retrieved on 9th July 2008 from http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/wundtprofile.htmBrent, D Richard, N (1997) Towards a Theoretical Psychology: Should a Subdiscipline Be Formally Recognized? American Psychologist, Vol.52Cronax-Hillix, W, Terry, A Timothy, W (1990) What would You Tell Professor Wundt. Teaching of Psychology, Vol.17Donald, K (1996) Lightener Witner and the First 100 Years of Clinical Psychology. American Psychologist, Vol.51Tracy, B Michael, T (2005) The Lost Millennium: Psychology during the Middle Ages. The Psychological Record, Vol.55

Dickinson And Hughes Essays - Jazz Poetry, Guggenheim Fellows

Dickinson And Hughes After reading both "Tell All the Truth but Tell It Slant" by Emily Dickinson and "Harlem" by Langston Hughes, I determined that the main difference between the two poems is both poets' use of diction. Dickinson makes use of abstract diction in her poem, using words like bright, delight, superb, and dazzle. Using the word "truth" in itself is an enormous abstraction. Hughes, however, uses more concrete diction, with words such as raisin, fester, sore, meat, and load. These are actual, physical things that exist. I see this as the most significant difference between the two poems. At first glance, Dickinson's poem made no sense to me. I then, however, tore it apart and came up with the following explication. Line one basically states "tell me the whole truth, but don't be so direct. Don't just come out and say it." In line two, when the speaker refers to a circuit, she is most likely comparing the way they tell the truth to the way circuits wind their way around a room, mostly hidden, but getting their job done. Lines three and four are saying the direct truth may be too much to handle, such as the sun may be too bright to look at directly. Lines five and six are telling this person to explain the truth like one might explain lightning to a child, with a kind, soothing tone of voice that's easy to understand. Lines seven and eight say that the truth must come a little at a time, or gradually, so that it may leave us in some suspense, rather than hitting us all at once and leaving us unable to comprehend the whole truth for what it is. Dickinson's use of alliteration shows in the poem, especially in lines one, two, four, and seven, where she uses words in pairs, such as tell, truth, success, circuit, the, truth, superb, and surprise. The author also uses an a b c b rime scheme. Langston Hughes's poem "Harlem" was bit easier to explicate because of his use of concrete diction. The first line is simply an introduction into the poem, which in itself is a pondering of what happens to a dream when it must be postponed or put off. The main body of the poem goes into detail about what happens to the dream. Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Fester like a sore? The whole poem is basically a simile. The author compares this deferred dream to a dried up raisin, a festering sore, rotten meat, syrupy sweetness that's crusty and sugary, a heavy load that just sags, and finally, does it just explode? He uses very good imagery, and I'm almost able to see this dream being put off, forgotten about, or deteriorating. Both authors, although using completely different methods, come across very clearly with their main point. While Dickinson is abstract, and Hughes is more concrete with his diction, they both use considerable similes, Hughes more than Dickinson. For example, Hughes uses similes in almost every line of his poem. Dickinson uses only a few, such as "as lightning to the children". Dickinson also uses personification, in saying that the truth must dazzle gradually, or using the phrase "the Truth's superb surprise", referring to the truth as a proper noun, giving it human characteristics. The tone of Dickinson's poem differs from that of Hughes's poem in the sense that Hughes's poem is inquisitive, while Dickinson's is more commanding. The speaker of "Tell all the Truth..." is saying exactly that- tell all the truth but tell it slant, while the speaker in "Harlem" is more contemplative, asking what happens to a dream deferred. The imagery of both poems leaves me with solid pictures in my mind. In "Tell All The Truth..." the Truth takes on this certain aura, where you feel that experiencing it would be something wonderful, and it would dazzle you to no end. Also, as mentioned above, "Harlem" creates the picture of a dream deteriorating, in one way or another. Hughes's use of language easily put these images in front of us for us to see. Bibliography Kennedy, X.J. and Gioia, Dana. An Introduction to Poetry. 9th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1994.

The Significance of Symbols in Modern Witchcraft essays

The Significance of Symbols in Modern Witchcraft essays The Significance of Symbols in Modern Witchcraft Witchcraft, also known as wicca, is a religion with ancestry in an ancient Pagan religion of Northern Europe which pre-dates the Christian era (Simms 30.) It is an earth religion and its main deity is a goddess. Most participants worship the earth and belong to a coven, or group of believers, run by a high priestess. Most covens meet on days determined by solstices and equinoxes or on seasonal or full moon rituals(Luhrmann 46.) During such rituals, many symbols emerge so important that the ritual would not exist without them. Perhaps one of the most important aspects of modern witchcraft is that of the Goddess. She is very different from that of the Judeo-Christian god. She is considered both a deity that controls the earth and she is the earth itself. The Goddess is the personification of nature and is ever changing as the earth is ever changing. The Goddess is symbolized by the moon. It is said that each phase of the moon symbolizes a different time in the Goddesss life or in the cycle of life. The new moon phase symbolizes the Goddess giving birth to the Sun Child and new light is born. The first quarter phase signifies the point just before life bursts forth and the chains of winter are broken. The full moon phase indicates the joining of the Sun King and the Queen of Summer, a time of abundance ad fulfillment. The last phase in the lunar cycle is the last quarter phase which designates a time of harvest, joy, and thanksgiving (Simms 148.) Another important symbol used in witchcraft is that of the pentagram. Often viewed by Christians as satanic, it was not always seen as such. Early Christians viewed the five pointed star as symbolizing the five wounds of Christ. The pentagram originated as the symbol of a Goddess who was worshipped over an area which extends from present-day England to Egypt and beyond. Her name was Kore. Kore's sacred fruit is the apple. Whe ...

Reading blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading blog - Assignment Example An aspect of the book that needs further clarification has to do with the state of human freedom before civilization. This is because the author creates the impression that civilization came with several laws which came to suppress the human instincts for pleasure. With this said, one is forced to ask if there was a state of lawlessness and anarchy before the very first forms of civilizations were realized. This connects with other texts that seek to justify the position that civilization cannot be dated and that it has been with men since the beginning. To a very large extent, culture context influences the text and the validity of its arguments. For example, even though it is accepted that we are now in a civilized, there continues to be places of the world where cultural and religious principles are made to reign above other forms of laws that are universally accepted to be appropriate. A typical example of this is the practice of stoning of women caught in adultery in some religious settings. Until now, I still hold the opinion that it is culture rather than civilization that makes the individual

Constructed Textiles for Fashion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Constructed Textiles for Fashion - Coursework Example From this paper it is clear that  there are numerous innovations   those has been made in the interior decorations such as   carpet designing, curtains designing as well as several other clothing fields by utilizing textiles designing. Currently, textile-designing clothing is gaining huge popularity among people throughout the world. Besides, textile designing is noted as one of the most important job role for a fashion designer, as it require higher level of creativity as well as specialist skills.This essay discusses that  with the advent of globalization in business domain, it has also influenced fashion industry to adopt various changes in the fashion line. People belonging to different age groups have varied and dynamic preferences regarding apparels, which need to be satisfied by the modern fashion industry. Besides, the recent changes in the clothing style have also influenced the fashion industry to apply new techniques for meeting the current requirements of designer clothes. Therefore, in the global retail industry, the demands for creative designer has also been raising in a rapid manner.  Haider Ackermann is a well-known fashion designer. Haider Ackermann is a specialist designer, who designs clothing considering the recent market demands of ready-to wear cloths. Recently, the increasing demand of the creative clothing has influenced Ackermann to launch a new trend of creative designing.

Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser Essay

Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser - Essay Example However, this assertion is contested. This is because at the time of the revolution, Iran was experiencing un-employment rate of approximately 30%1. Unemployment is one of the indicators of poor development and economic growth. Based on this fact, the assertion that Iran was politically and economically stable is false, and does not hold any ground. On the other hand, the revolution in Egypt occurred when the country was experiencing a series of poor political and economic governance. Despite the differences in these revolutions, and the two leaders, Gamal Abdul Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini shared a lot of similarities as well as differences in their leadership structure and system2. One major similarity is that the two leaders were charismatic, and they sought to eliminate any form of opposition to their leadership. For instance, Nasser ordered a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, a group that was opposing his leadership, while Ayatollah Khomeini sought to kill any political supporters of the Shah. This paper takes a stand that both Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser were charismatic leaders, who influenced their societies and people, despite their undemocratic systems of governance. Gamal Abdul Nasser was the second Egyptian president, and he began his presidency in the year 1956, to the time he died, which was in 1970. He played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Egyptian monarch in the year 1952, and as a result, he was rewarded with a post, as a deputy prime minister3. This is an indication that Gamal Abdul Nasser was an important leader to the revolutionaries, and he was held in high esteem. Furthermore, the power and authority that Gamal Abdul Nasser had is depicted when he managed to arrest President Muhammad Naguib, and place him under house arrest.

Budgetary Control: Advantages and Disadvantages

Budgetary Control: Advantages and Disadvantages Budget and budgetary control are the two most important aspects of any business. The budgetary control acts as a complimentary aspect to budget and works and in hand. Budget can e termed as an accounting concept, whereby, an organization and its members, try to define the trend of activities of an organization during a course of time, depending on the past experience. Budgets, comes up various figures relating to sales, purchase etc. and puts forward a frame of reference in front of its employees and other members. Thus, it helps an organization to keep a check on its present activities in relation to budget thus provided, and this check in words can be termed as budgetary control. Budgets, by definition, have to be prepared in advance; and as a result, often referred to as the feed forward system. Feed forward incorporates the most important aspect of budgeting: looking at situations in advance, thinking about the impact and implications of things in advance and attempting to take control of situations in advance. Budget and budgetary control seems to stream line the activities of organizations and provides a disciplinary outlook. Budgets are often termed as integral part of any business and thus, play a vital role in a organizational success. In the following report, an attempt has been made to put across a brief overview in regard to the same. A budget can be described as a plan expressed in quantitative and money terms. Budgets are usually prepared and approved in advance and take into consideration the period it needs to be used and the similar period on the previous years. Budgets are prepared to put across a picture whereby, an organization tries to implement different actions and planning to attain the budgetary figures. Budgets are prepared on a department wise as well as a whole. The budgetary figures put across helps an organization to gear up its activities and often act in boosting up the employee motivation. However, since budget and budgetary facts and figures relates to future, the forecasting and its preparation should be taken care off. BUDGETORY CONTROL As already mentioned, budget and budgetary control works hand in hand. A budget puts forward the financial data representation of certain facts and figures depending on the past, which needs to be fulfilled in the near future. However, budgetary control ensures the fact that the budget is properly followed and an organization attains the predetermined growth. In other words, the concept of budgetary control can be described as an action relating to the usage on the budget to attain pre-determined organizational success. The whole phenomenon can be described as a chain of activities whereby, budgets are prepared to attain an organizational goal and then, the successful implementation and following those figures in different sphere of activities can be described as budgetary control. In simple words, budgetary control relates to the establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of budget holders the needs of a policy. Budgetary control also relates to the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results to ensure that the objectives of the same are properly achieved; or to provide a basis for the change of those objectives. In summary, a budget is a statement setting out the monetary, numerical or non quantitative aspects of an organisations plans for the coming week or month or year. Budgetary control is the analysis of what happened when those plans came to be put into practice, and what the organisation did or did not do to correct for any variations from these plans. BENEFITS OF BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL Budgets provide benefits both for the business, and also for its managers and other staffs: The budget assists planning A budget is prepared for the future in order ensures proper allocation of resources among all the departments and so that the organization attains the predetermined success. A budget thus assists a business to plan its future course of action. The budget communicates and co-ordinates A budget once prepared and accepted by the authority is usually communicated to all the departments and other members so that all the work can be properly co-ordinated. The budget helps in controlling over-utilisation of resources or increase in cost/expenses and a decrease in incomes/sales. The budget helps in decision-making process A budget is designed kept in mind the future course of action and thus, helps in the decision-making activities of the future. The budget can be used to monitor and control A budget helps in keeping a control on the overall activities of a business organization. The budget can be used to motivate and control A budget puts forward certain monthly and quarterly figures which different departments needs to attain during that specific. Often on attaining such figures, the employees are rewarded with bonus or increments. The budget maintains a discipline A budget helps an organization to maintain a discipline over its expenditure trends and thus, keeps a maintains an organizational discipline. LIMITATIONS OF BUDGET BUDGETARY CONTROL Though there are various benefits to the fact of budget and budgetary control, however, there are few limitations also and these are described below: Benefits of producing a budget should exceed its cost Often small organizations cannot cope up with the cost of budgeting and maintain its activities at par. For tem, budgets are of mere use. Budgets are often not accurate This document provides details based on the figures of the past and therefore, it often happens that the budgets are not realistic because of the changes in the market structure and demand pattern. The budget might demotivate Employees who might not be able to achiee the budgeted targets might be demotivated with the budget. Budgets might lead to dysfunctional management Targets might pose in a threat within various departments of an organization. For example, a production department might achieve extra output than the sales department actually requires. As a result, budgets need to be set at realistic levels and linked and co-ordinated across all departments with proper informations. Budgets might be set at too low levels Budgets being prepared by individuals can be manipulated and hence, should be properly checked because low level budgets might effect the work culture. Applicability of Budgeting and Budgetary Control Budgeting can be applied to virtually every situation. Different organizations require different types of budgeting in order to achieve its organizational goal. As it can be pointed out, there are many issues underlying the use of a budgeting system that need careful consideration. For example, the budgeting systems cannot just be imposed on an organisation nor do they run themselves. Managers at all levels often resent revised budgets and budget targets afer closely inspecting the present scenario. The budgeting process The budgeting process is a very lengthy process: typically, for a large organisation, the pre budgeting phase can begin up to a year before the budget period starts. In this section, Jones and Pendlebury (1984), pp62-63, gives some insight into the beginning of the budgeting cycle for the preparationTimetable for preparation of detailed revenue budget and capital programme for a Local Authority. The process starts in June in the year preceding the budget period with the draft budget manual being sent to Finance Officers, who discuss this draft with their departmental staff (with a view to adoption or amendment). The budgetary planning phase is completed in March (ready for an April start) when the printed budget book is published and the approved estimates are put into the financial control system. The budget period The budget period is the period for which a set of budgets is prepared: typically the budget period is of one years duration, and will be designed to coincide with an organisations financial, or fiscal, year. There is no reason why a budget period has to be one year, but typically it is. However, a fiscal year is usually divided into several smaller periods such as monthly or quarterly to keep a close check on the departmental activities. However, in certain situations, the budget period will be analysed according some particular feature of the work in that situation: for example, stockbrokers have their year divided into accounts of two and three weeks duration. These divisions of a budget period are control periods. Budget centres Different organizations are tend to be divided in various organizational departments to ensure the maximum benefit of the budget and the budgetary control. A budget centre is one part of an organisation for which budgets are prepared. That is, a budget centre, like a cost or profit centre, is a section of an organisation (division, department, building, individual) for which a separate budget is prepared. Interrelationships of budgets As mentioned, different budget centres get their specific budget and according to them they plan their activities. But, strikingly, all these departmental budgets has interlinked and possess inter-relationships and as a result, has to be worked out properly, in order to apply it effectively. On preparation of sales budget, it can be easily noted that the same has got strong links with the stock budget and the stock budget has strong links with the cash budget. Therefore, when any of the budgets are changed it has its direct impact on the other related budgets. The more complex the organisation and the more complex the processes within that organisation, the greater the number and variety of interrelationships that any budget for that organisation is bound to contain. Conclusion In the above paragraphs, various aspects of budgeting has been discussed. After all the discussions it can be further concluded that a budget plays an integral part of any business operations and in order to assure the proper utilisation of budget and to keep a close check on the different activities of an organization, budgetary control is necessary. Both these process helps an organization to attain its organizational goal. However, all the details provided in this report are not absolute and are subject to various limitations pertaining to limited knowledge, time and resources. But, we hope that the report will provide a brief idea about the subject. Art Therapy: Types and Effectiveness Art Therapy: Types and Effectiveness [D1] Art[D2] therapy is part of communicative therapy that focuses on the creative process for building up an artistic approach to recover a person’s mental, physical, emotional well-being. The artistic process [D3]involve in one expressing itself artistically which can support people to understand issues and to develop and accomplish their feelings and behavior, to reduce stress and to improve self-esteem and self-awareness. You do not need to be a talented or artist person to get the  benefits. There are experts that will work with you to get deep into the primary messages delivered through your arts, which will support in the remedial process. Art therapy can accomplish several things for several people. Therapists use art for counseling by, healing, rehabilitation, treatment, psychotherapy and in a broad sense of the term; it is used to manipulate one’s inner self in a way, which may provide the person with the deeper understanding of him/her self. Art therapists are experts, trained in both therapy and art. They are familiar about human growth, psychological concepts, clinical training, divine, diverse and creative traditions and the remedial potential of the art. Art is used in treatment, valuation, investigation, and provide consultations to associated professionals. Art therapist work with people of every age: individuals, families, couples, groups and societies. They provide facilities both individually and as a part of clinical groups, in situations that contain mental health, rehabilitation, remedial and scientific institutions; community outreach programs; schools; corporate structures; and independent practices.The best part is tha tanyone can use the art therapy. In the world where there is the multitude of methods to express and communicate one’s self. One of major differences among art therapy and the other methods of communication is that maximum other methods of communication provoke the use of words and la nguage as a mean of communication. One of the splendors of art as therapy is the capability of a person to express their feelings through any kind of art. However there are various other types of expressive therapies but expressive art therapy typically uses more traditional forms of the art such as painting, drawing, sculpture, or the variety of other types of graphic art expression.Art counselors are skilled to understand nonverbal symbols metaphors that are frequently expressed through the art and through the creative procedure, ideas that are typically hard to express through words. It is with this process that the person really originates to notice the effects of the art therapy and discoveries that can be made. Multiple sclerosis(MS) is aprovocativedisease in which theshielding coversofnerve cellsin thebrainandthe spinal cordare damaged. This damage interrupts the capacity of portions of the nervous system to communicate. There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatments endeavor to improve the function after the attack and avert new attacks. Art counselors work with these patients to support them to come to the terms with their condition and understand to accept their reality. Art therapy doesn’t always change peoples lives in a small period of time though but it does compromise a solution to their issues that is less clinical and complex than what they had tried before. MS is a complex disease that is difficult to define and hard to describe to those who doesn’t experience the nerve pain or the muscle spasms and the other physical limitations. Unfortunately, if you keep your feelings and thoughts to only yourself it can become both emotionally and physically harmful. Art therapies can help a persondevelop and express theemotional effect of MSwithout the use of words, improving stress situations and helping the person forge better contacts with friends, family and the medical team. The main purpose of art therapy is to relieve the stress, understand emotions, and to restore the sense of control confidence. Though it is a broad term but art therapy classically refers to any type of creative expression that is directed by an expert therapist who is committed to helping a patient revitalize their bodily and psychological health and skills. However doing art at your home on your own can also have positive effect. Here are few of the most important benefits of art therapy on MS patients, they include: Stress relief –Distracting your feelings and concentrating on a positive activity for some time is beneficial for relieving stress. Art itself is a fantastic mode to transfer focus and the slow monotonous actions of painting, drawing or even sculpting can physically provide peace to the body. Depression less and isolation –As MS signs begin to hinder with your movement or energy levels, your social life starts to suffer and finally, numerous MS patients become isolated, nervous and depressed. Being with a person who understands your moods and symptoms can provide a healthy bonding opportunity. Graphical help for vocal problems –It is not rare to get tongue-tied or merely give up on explanation for your symptoms and to state of mind to public/people. Unfortunately, a deficiency of communication means less effective remedy which leads to more suffering. Various people found out that they could express difficult thoughts easily with a graphical representation, specifically after getting into the pace of the artistic method. For numerous MS patients, only holding on to the paintbrush is an important challenge. The final product is not essentially the most significant part of the treatment; the act of producing is what releases the tension, inspires self-exploration, and support social activities. Art therapists use lots of other genres to understand their patients, including music, movement, dance and writing. Artistic treatment is a way of using the arts for example art, music, dance or drama in a beneficial environment with a qualified therapist. In arts treatment, MS patient are helped to express themselves by creating something, anything such as any kind of music or a painting, sometimes even a play. This could help them express their feelings, without even using words. When some patients could not talk without choking on their tears, the treatment gives them a voice and a mode to express themselves without having to talk. They don’t need to have any kind of special skill or any experience of doing art, dance, music or drama to discover the arts therapy supportive. The target is not to yield a great work of art but to enhance their creations to understand them better. There are different arts therapies available for different type of MS patients. They all have recognized professional figures and provide guideline and codes of practice for their patients. Music therapy In this therapy, MS patient communicate with their therapist through music. This means playing, singing or even listening to music. If the patient is doing group music therapy, therapist can also use music to communicate with other patients in the group. Music therapies can be helpful in various ways. It could help patient express difficult feelings and hard memories that they find too hard to talk about in words. It could bring back the old feelings and the memories they thought they had forgotten, helping to deal with hard things in their past and move on. It could help them get used to expressing themselves, which can then help them write or talk about their feelings more easily. The therapist could use music to connect with their patients, even if they are not consciously listening. That may be helpful if they find it really hard to communicate with new people, and can help them feel more capable to involve with other people. Music therapy typically uses tapping or simple melodic instruments that can be played, even if patients don’t have any kind of experience of playing music. For example: drums wood blocks maracas bells chime bars Simple harps. In this therapy, you may improvise music or play precise bits of music that you can practice and progress over time. During the session, the therapist will listen to the music patients create, and they use it to try and apprehend how patients are feeling. They will respond to this by playing one of their own music and practice this to try make positive deviations to how a patient feels. They may also help patient to use music to explore their feelings and to think about how to relate to people. Dance therapy Dance therapy uses dance movements to help one express their feelings. It can help therapist to become aware of emotions that one find it hard to discuss, and to make a patient feel more comfortable with their body. Dance therapies can be mainly helpful if the MS patients are having these issues: Patients have negative feelings about their body for example, if they have a mental health issue related to their appearance, including eating problems orthe body dysmorphic disorderor (BDD). Their emotional problems come out as physical illnesses for example, if they have depression, they can experience physical pain as part of this issue. They find physical interaction with other people hard. They feel separate or disconnected from their surroundings, or even out-of-touch with normal life They are taking medication that disturbs the way they move They have been sexually or physically abused, or have experienced a trauma. In the dance therapy session, the therapist watches the way the patient move in order to comprehend more about how they are feeling, and helps them to express themselves through their movements. The therapist can encourage patients to change their movements to help change the way they feel. Like if a patient is feeling low or depressed, they may hunch their shoulders and appear smaller than they are. The therapist then can encourage them to reach up and stand more upright, to help them feel more self-confident. It is a nice idea to wear loose and comfortable clothes with light, flat shoes or even bare feet when doing dance therapy, so one can feel more comfortable when they are moving around. Drama therapy: Drama therapy is another form of therapy that uses the theatre and drama. It is mostly used in groups, but can also be offered as a one-to-one basis. In drama therapy, there are a range of different techniques. Improvisation: making up small plays or sketches Role play: acting the part of a specific person in a precise situation, such as being a parent or a child. Mime: acting without using any words Movement: using the body to express yourself Rhythm: using diverse rhythms in a speech to help develop your control on the way you express yourself. Speech: using voice in ways that one otherwise find difficult such as shouting, whispering or crying. Acting out: replaying behaviors that has caused one’s problem in the past, to help to learn to do things differently, or to replaying a situation you find difficult. However, you do not have to only act in drama therapy. You can also be part in other parts of theatre, like: being a director or producer lighting person making scenery, costume or the props Being the audience: this can be mainly helpful if you are feeling stunned or you want some space without wanting to leave the group. Drama therapy can help in several ways: Expressing how you feel in a drama can help you understand to put tough experiences behind you. Using Stories, imagery or symbols in a drama allows you to discover difficult or aching things that have occurred to you from a harmless distance, without having you to repeat the detail of your own story. It can also help you to explore and understand the relationships with people, and can help you to address various problems. During a session, therapist may use or adjust existing stories. They may improvise sketches or the plays. Patients have to act out a situation that has actually happened, or to make up a whole new one, to help them understand the feelings and relationships better. Arts therapy: Art therapy usually uses painting, clay and various other types of art to help patients get in touch with their feelings and express themselves. The art they make can also help their therapist understand more about their feelings and what is causing them, and can help them learn how to deal with things. The different materials that are used in the art can be helpful in various ways. For example: Objects as stones, pieces of trash or bark may help them reconnect with nature and help them feel closer to the world around them. Objects they find may remind them of experiences they have had and helped them express and explore their feelings around them. Clay can be valuable if they find using color difficult due to attack Clay may help them move on from difficult feelings and experiences. The shape of clay is easily changed and transformed to show changes in the emotions or circumstances. Using a camera can help them to connect with the present moment and with life it creates an immediate picture but at the same time keep them separate from what they are photographing, as they see it through a camera screen or lens. Taking a photo can help them deal with their situation, as they think about how the things they choose to photograph might be connected with memories and emotions in their past. During the session, a patient or a therapist can decide what type of things they might create, or they might use music, poetry or a story to give some ideas. As part of a therapy, a patient may display their artwork in an exhibition which can help them accept their state and emotions and feel more accepted by others, because their experiences are presented in a way that is better for other people to understand. This may be mainly useful if they have felt alienated after the attack. Various people find that enclosing their art is also a supportive part of therapy. For example, the frame may represent a limit that contains the emotions in a picture and makes them safe. These are few things that must be focused by a therapist while dealing with a MS patient during a therapy. Innovation: Use of a detailed art material or graphical media to address patient’s presenting problems or for the strength and well-being of patients. Adaptation: Development of a detailed interference based on a psychotherapeutic approach such aspsychoanalysis,CBT, or other model. Popularity: Consistent presence in literature conferences, or workshops, whether it is the actual intervention or variation of an intervention. Edith[D4] Kramer, a renowned USA art therapist, artist and author, who is working for MS patients for several years, is credited with inventing the term third hand, the idea central to her approach to the art as therapy. To Kramer, the art therapy’s purpose is to allow the individual to generate graphical images that expressively and truthfully connect with experience and to the best of the person abilities. Kramers position resonances psychoanalyst, Theodore Reikslistening with the Third Ear, a discourse describing how psychotherapists instinctively use their owninsensibleminds to decode and understand their clients. Here is an explanation of the third hand involvement in its modest form. When working with a child patient, therapist might cultivate a drawing for the kid to polish as a way of creating a relationship or communication. In another scenario, Therapist might save a childs clay character from tumbling apart by showing the child how to strengthen the legs or framework. Sometimes the art therapist literally becomes the hands for a specific patient; a mature with a incapacitating MS illness may need therapist to help cut and arrange the photos for a collage. Other times, therapist might make art during the session alongside a patient if it is therapeutically helpful or they might even communicate something nonverbally through an artistic communication rather than using words. Active imagination, in its widest sense, has a much greater role in the art therapy than just permitting impulsive images to disclose. It has a appropriate significance in modern practice because of fresh interest inm indfulness and methods such as dialectical behavior therapy and somatic experiencing, focusing on encouraging one to stick with the image and the bodys felt sense. These methods are progressively being used as methods for addressingtraumareactions and posttraumaticstress, among other emotional challenges and disorders due to MS. Mindfulness, adopted byneuroscience gurus likeDan Siegel and others, is a practice of harmonizing, very much similar to the nonjudgmental, alert concentration found in active imagination. Active imagination is just that a distinction on mindfulness exercise which is all about evolving a more serious ability to elucidate ones thoughts, feelings and physical experiences. The advantage in using art expression is that it takes the products of lively imagination into concrete form, something that art therapy grasps central and striking to the remedial process. And as Jung implicit, staying with the image just may be the excellent function that helps patients see who they are, hold the moment, and accept what is, rather than what ought to be. Art therapists and psychologists, along with some counselors have consequently adapted the idea of ‘how do you feel right now’ in a range of ways. Children, for instance, may be asked to draw faces articulating mad, sad, glad and scared to help them connect their emotional[D5]experiences to the therapist. An activity usually called a body scan is alternative general repetition that involves using a sketch of a body as stage for using drawing, collage or paint to portray where emotions are felt in the body. Its a method that is showing to be mainly useful with people who have posttraumatic stress symptoms and MS symptoms because it often helps them to graphically identify distressful body feelings related to suffering reactions. While there are other similar directives, many art therapists, take a more free form method and simply ask patients to use color, shapes and lines, or images to express feelings when suitable to thegoalsof therapy. Citations: http://www.arttherapyblog.com/what-is-art-therapy/#.VSQPE_mUdNM http://ms.newlifeoutlook.com/art-therapy-for-ms/ http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2011/08/17/5-quick-facts-about-art-therapy/ http://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/arts-therapies/#.VSQTVfmUdNM https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/arts-and-health http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis [D1]Give Proper Title [D2]Heading needed. What is this paragraph about? [D3]Font size is required to set as 12pts and Line spacing is required to be set as â€Å"Double or 2.0† [D4]Heading needed. [D5]Though it’s nice but you are required to get rid of the Image. An Inspector Calls: Character Analysis of the Inspector An Inspector Calls: Character Analysis of the Inspector The Inspector also interrogates the characters in a particularly harsh and rude manner. He scares them and pressures them until they finally break and confess the truth. He tries to make them feel guilty by continuously trying to make them see their errors and how they have been forgetting socialism, making them seem selfish and unbearable. He uses a lot of rhetorical questions to make the characters think about what they have done and probe at the truth. A good example of this is when the Inspector is talking to Sheila, just after she admits to having Eva Smith fired from Milwards. He says, And so you used the power you had, as a daughter of a good customer and also of a man well known in the town, to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that? he makes Sheila feel guilty and say, And if I could help her now, I would-. The Inspector then goes on to say, (harshly) Yes, but you cant. Its too late. Shes dead. Even though Sheila was already feeling guilty, the Inspector continues to remind her what she has done and the fact that Eva Smith is dead, making Sheila feel even worse. The Inspector makes the characters own up to their actions and reveal what he already seems to know, for example, towards the conclusion of the first act, when Gerald talks to Sheila about the time he spent with Daisy Renton last summer. He knows by now that Gerald has somewhat to establish and its just a matter of time before everything should unravel: The door opens and the Inspector walks in the room constantly in mind of questioning them. Inspector Well? At this moment in time he uses technique to give a bit on the next part of the story and where we could decide what may or may not happen. We see how the Birling and Gerald react, such as using the word good? At the exact moment this way, the characters will confess, Its as if they knew what was expected of them when they are wrong, because the Inspector is bluffing stories out bit by bit, only giving them one small bit of something, its as if he is starting a story and the Birlings are finishing it. Consequently the characters too are confused themselves in my opinion, because they are doing him a vast favour by telling him the truth, and this is one my favourite functions where he is able to manipulate the mind of the family through his interrogation in a situation where he knows he is bluffing and therefore it is a very good effect. It is used for large results, for example when he mentions the name Daisy Renton, Gerald suddenly says What? The Inspector responds instantly to the reaction of Gerald also now knowing that Gerald had known and expecting that he can hide this fact from the Inspector. However, the Birling family begin to see what the Inspector has done to them; however it is a little too late. For example, at the end of the second act, Sheila said: It gives us the rope so that we will hang him. Its like in the beginning when they commence to understand that they all had something to do with the death of Eva Smith and the Inspector comes eye to eye with each of them and with all the knowledge they need he ends up coming down hard on them, because the Inspector wants to see that the family feel remorse for their actions. In this moment in time Sheila is seeing this interrogation clearly and demonstrates this by saying somehow, he makes you. She sees clearly that the Inspector was knocking or building a wall between them and what they hide away from the Inspector. This is because it originates in their household since most of the information and each characters role in suicide of Eva Smith. In addition to the family of the Birling, they reveal more of the truth behin d their stories to the Inspector, whilst he has just supplied them with very little information. The Inspector also controls speech and movement on stage, for example, it controls speech as he admitted their connection with the death of Eva Smith, but he also controls the movement, for example at the beginning of the third act: Eric Can I have a drink first? The Inspector said very positively: Yes! I know it is your son and your home, but to watch. He needs a drink now, just to see it through. That is why Mr. Birling is literally forced to say Then go to Eric that he is hump by the Inspector Goole. It seems that if a higher power, and the power of authority is clearly established here. So he tries to show he is not here to mess about, but comes here to get the facts and deal directly with the murder mystery. Ideally there are many other occasions when similar actions occur in the room. At the end of the second act, the Inspector is able to Mrs. Birling to say that whoever got the Eva Smith pregnant should be punished severely; its show when she said: It must be dealt with very harshly. In telling her story in a very swollen and in a very emotional, so it feels great remorse that he and the family to find it was Eric who got her pregnant. It also creates irony and tension moments, it also hinders it, because it means that everything she said, is regretted by her. Finally, it pays the most money. I also believe that we have sympathy for that because the unborn baby has grown to own grandchildren Mrs. Birling and all this leading to his refusal to help when she came to ask for help when she needed most, so that lead to the accumulation of the death of his granddaughter when she is extremely sad over. One of the functions of Inspectors worked to good effects as it impact on the mind of Mr. Birling mind being changed. This relates to its function in the game as a sort of manipulative character that may also be brainwashing some of the characters in the room. In my opinion, that is what makes this wonderful and unique Inspector. It is really the only reason the Inspector Goole, visit the Birling. He just literally gets his point across and let them helpless. Leaving them wondering. Its like trying to find the pieces to join them to form a puzzle, and this is exactly the case with the Inspector, and they finished it, when they understand what the Inspector has really done for them. At the beginning of the play when he said that if Eva Smith wasnt sacked from his works, people like herself may eventually ask for the world. Then later in the play, he said: I would give thousands. He directs this to help out in knowing that now she is dead, and it all started because he was fired from his works. I think Mr. Birling is not too concerned about the scandal Eva Smith / Daisy Renton. But I also think it takes maturity and responsibility, and show some remorse for his actions and what is shown when the exact words said above I would give thousands. Inspector creates moments of tension in the room, like when he stops and says good. He slowed his speech for the person to talk to their point, he does so skilfully to let them clean what they have done. Currently, the public is at the edge of their seat because it is repeated continuously as happens throughout the piece. For example, in the first act ends so the word good is just perfect for creating a cliff hanging and JB Priestley, clearly demonstrated. Mrs. Birling I do not know anything about this girl. The Inspector seriously good, we shall see, Mrs. Birling. This then gives a chance to own before Inspector Goole to act on itself. However little we can hardly ever gives the public an idea of what is coming next. Inspector Goole is acting like a say in the moral history of Priestley and this is reflected in the dialogue of fence-viewers. It teaches that everyone is linked and we should all cooperate to make the world a better place. Thats when the speech begins, One Eva Smith has gone, but there are many more Eva Smith and John Smiths currently with us. This shows a contrast with the public good prospects in the hope of something. With their lives, their hopes and fears. This is a memorable phrase that will highlight the dialogue, and it is also an example of three things listed. Continuing his final dialogue with all the confusing our presence, with what we do, believe and think with each other. It shows a most memorable phrasing which then leads to a positive impact on readers that we will be more committed. Also at the end of the sentence, the list of three. This may be in minds of readers and their influence on socialism. We do not stay and live by ourselves, we are associates of a community as a whole, and we are responsible to each other. This is about as positive as it includes the word we, which makes the public to identify what is being said. In the last sentence of the Inspectors dialogue, he said, If men will not learn this lesson, the consequences are that fire, blood and anguish would be brought up against them. In this sentence the introduction of the first person singular is put forward to the audience he speaks directly with a serious tone towards what he says. In addition, some phrases are memorable, like fire and blood and anguish. They could be regarded as a prophecy of two world wars yet to come that Priestley wrote the play to make a political point in ending the dialogue. In addition, this makes the game more inexplicable. The Inspector is considered a time traveler . As if he is a man who has traveled back in time to tell everyone back in 1912 (when the room has been created), which is approaching here two world wars. This is another effect used by JB Priestley to recognize this game as a message to the people of the world. It can also be regarded as a time unit, where he went in the past and the story told in the future, this extension to intensify the effect. It then ends with Good Night which is a positive way to conclude his speech. To include to Priestleys voice, the character, Mr. Birling is presented as a sort of capitalist slave and the Inspector is charged in the fight with him all the way by showing him as an increasingly negative influence. Probably a socialist when we, like most readers realize the problems in the book, then looking at a wider horizon, they can also be debated issues around the world who are currently in progress, For as we, as the Inspector said in his final speech. In addition, this greatly helps change the publics views on politics and in giving them a slightly different viewpoint, like what is happening on the planet we live now? Such as the current wars and other issues. In my opinion, Inspector Goole is the speech, not necessarily for the characters on stage, but the audience. It may be a bit of a fascinating dialogue because it is very well built and it persuades people to learn from their mistakes and act on them. Priestley has done an excellent job of putting ideas across most of them are very important points that are generally neglected in our daily lives. I think the inspector is able to put the point across and Priestley that captures public attention, very well with his speech-making, and (Priestley) objectives have been successfully proposed. The Inspector is the maker of all the tension and drama as well as the mystery in which this play has to offer, and he used incredibly well to capture the attention of the audience. I think Priestley, as done well using Inspector Goole as the main character in the play because of the development he has to shows throughout the many different scenarios. The whole piece concludes with a sense that has demonstrated very well that priests can be considered a moral of the play, which is that the actions of everyone affects everyone and no one should be selfish as this may have an effect on anyones personal lives greatly in a sequence of events. The Inspector makes the characters own up to their actions and reveal what he already seems to know, for example, towards the conclusion of the first act, when Gerald talks to Sheila about the time he spent with Daisy Renton last summer. At the exact moment this way, the characters will confess, Its as if they knew what was expected of them when they are wrong, because the Inspector is bluffing stories out bit by bit, only giving them one small bit of something, its as if he is starting a story and the Birlings are finishing it. The Inspector responds instantly to the reaction of Gerald also now knowing that Gerald had known and expecting that he can hide this fact from the Inspector. Its like in the beginning when they commence to understand that they all had something to do with the death of Eva Smith and the Inspector comes eye to eye with each of them and with all the knowledge they need he ends up coming down hard on them, because the Inspector wants to see that the family feel remorse for their actions. The Inspector also controls speech and movement on stage, for example, it controls speech as he admitted their connection with the death of Eva Smith, but he also controls the movement, for example at the beginning of the third act: To include to Priestleys voice, the character, Mr Birling is presented as a sort of capitalist slave and the Inspector is charged in the fight with him all the way by showing him as an increasingly negative influence. I think Priestley, as done well using Inspector Goole as the main character in the play because of the development he has to shows throughout the many different scenarios I think the purpose of his visit was to show the family that their  lives and what they do during their life is far more influential than they realise, either positively or negatively. Had they helped Eva  Smith, her life may not have been lost, but in fact, the Inspectors intention was to help them see where they went wrong and secure them on the right path if they were willing to respond. He wanted to aid  them in their understanding that in life there are huge decisions and choices to make which, if are chosen wrongly, can have devastating effects, not only for them but for other people . The reason the Police Inspector arrived here at the Birling household was to investigate a suicide. He seemed to already know everything that the family told him of the questions he was asking. It was as though he had been watching them for the past 10 or so years and knew everything  that had gone on. It appears innocent, just routine innocuous questioning. Sheila used her authority, coming from a wealthy family, to get Eva Smith fired, I went to the manager at Milwards and I told him that if they didnt get rid of that girl, Id never go near the place again and Id persuade mother to close our account with them. When Sheila hears the news that Eva Smith has killed herself she is devastated. She looks at the photograph of Eva Smith, (recognizes it with a little cry, gives a half stifled sob, and then runs out). Her mood also changes and she starts to see things in a different perspective to try and understand the situation and her involvement in it. She regrets what she has done and promises to never, never do it again to anybody. At this stage the audience sees Sheila as a very honest individual. She admits that she was jealous and that her pride was insulted and that If shed been some miserable plain little creature, I dont suppose Id have done it. But she was very pretty. Eva Smith killed herself because she could not withstand the pro blems mounting in her life; she had no money, no friends and no family. As Sheila observes everyones involvement in Eva Smiths downfall she begins to recognize the message behind Inspector Gooles visit to the Birling Family, Well he inspected us alright.