The Evolution of Communication in the Technology-Focused World Essay

The Evolution of Communication in the Technology-Focused World - Essay Example Current issues are talked about, for example, how ‘sexting’ speaks to a predicament for open authorities, and why it’s imperative to choose unpredictable, difficult to-figure passwords for significant online records. Taking all things together, the paper presents a compact gander at a couple of the numerous territories influenced by the quick reception of innovation as a methods for correspondence, and what it will at last mean for the obligations performed by open authorities. Watchwords: correspondence, innovation, criminal equity, open division The Evolution of Communication as the World Becomes More Technology-Focused ‘Communication,’ as characterized by the Oxford English Dictionary, is â€Å"the fruitful passing on or sharing of thoughts and feelings.† The strategies by which such movements are made have been broadly disparate through time. While in the far off past, the prevailing method of correspondence may have involved creation signa ls joined with short words or expressions to make one’s aims known, the coming of the cutting edge mechanical time has brought forth a totally new arrangement of ideal models. The quick ascent in the speed and expansiveness of worldwide correspondences empowered by innovation has offered ascend to various engaging names. Industry master Manuel Castells, an educator and Wallis Annenberg Chair in Communication Technology and Society at the University of Southern California, has named the time as, ‘the arrange society’ (Castells, 2010). He hypothesizes, â€Å"I battle that around the finish of the second thousand years of the BC various significant social, mechanical, financial and social met up to offer ascent to another type of society† (p. xvii). The alluded to outlook change in correspondence is refered to by Castells as making a â€Å"shift from customary broad communications to an arrangement of level correspondence systems sorted out around the Intern et and remote communication† (p. xviii). Receiving a preventative tone, he takes note of that a basic social change has occurred, in view of computerized data preparing, that has induced a â€Å"generational divide† between people conceived before 1969, which he checks as the ‘Internet Age’ and those from there on. While discount changes to longstanding worldwide cultural structures have certainly made a feeling of bewilderment among a few, the capacity to right away impart has realized numerous upgrades around the world. In the basic region of medicinal services, correspondence innovation has empowered remarkable degrees of access to data on sicknesses and medicines, which are in a split second available over Internet-based conventions. Developments, for example, Web-based clinical coordinated efforts, wherein professionals in various topographical areas can share information from a solitary clinical record, have become an imperative piece of the treatment procedure (Sands, 2008). Advances in correspondence innovation have totally revamped the customary plan of action. Though once just the bigger corporate structures had the fortitude to circulate merchandise and ventures around the world, worldwide access is presently effectively available to even little owners.

C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/Wwiii

Yunlong Li November 11, 2012 C. Wright Mills and His Understanding of the Cold War/WWIII Authors and students of history have endeavored to comprehend what caused and sustained the Cold War for quite a long time. Despite the fact that it's anything but a basic answer with basic segment reasons, this concise exposition will look to disclose to the peruser a couple of the fundamental reasons why the Cold War happened as it did and what systems propped it up. As a methods for understanding the Cold War, the writer of the article has assessed the compositions of C.Wright Mill with connection to this point just as different writers who have been refered to and referenced in the beneath investigation. Before diving into the topic and attempting to comprehend what caused and propagated the Cold War, it is worth initially bringing up a portion of the really erroneous data that encompasses numerous regular ways to deal with the Cold War. The first, and maybe generally conspicuous of these def ective perspectives, is that the Cold War was pushed onto the United States by a hazardous and excessively forceful Soviet Union after the finish of World War II.This see is broken because of the way that the two superpowers that rose after the Second World War were innately wary of the other. Besides, it very well may be seen that the force structure that rose put the two on-screen characters on a crash course as for the way that the monetary frameworks advocated by both the United States and the Soviet Union were naturally against one another.As such, it tends to be comprehended as an unavoidable outcome that the two sides would clash with one another (Goertzel 243). Along these lines, it very well may be comprehended that it was not either fundamentally the way that the United States or the Soviet Union was effectively forceful that guaranteed that the two forces would come at chances with each other; rather it was their natural contrasts in political frameworks, philosophy, fina ncial matters, and the way that they were the two superpowers aim on overwhelming the world system.Perhaps the most intriguing thought that Mills set forward was what eventually kept the harmony between the United States and the Soviet Union during times of extraordinary weight and stress that happened during the Cold War. Factories asserted that a progression of intensity tip top were the genuine entertainers in the background that attempted to guarantee a full showdown between the two superpowers could never convert into a reality (Marino 29). These influence elite†, as Mills called them, were the official branch (leader of the United States), top Pentagon military pioneers, and the corporate rich. In spite of the fact that this view unquestionably bears some reality, the truth is that such a distortion doesn't factor in to account the key players in the Soviet Union that additionally looked to shield the contention from reaching a crucial stage to head encounter. Factories proceeds to express that perhaps the biggest explanation that would accelerate World War III would be the way that the two sides were in such a desperate condition of readiness for such a conflict.This specific view is fascinating because of the way that numerous writers have recorded this planning as one reason that the different sides didn't really get into a fight (Warner 174). In spite of the fact that knowing the past is obviously great, Mills appeared to accept that the way toward getting ready for such a contention would mean, that the different sides would be left with a kind of inevitable outcome just as an expansive scope of cutting edge weaponry which would ensure that the two would reach boiling point as a Third World War.More explicitly, Mills saw the approach of new weapons frameworks and the manner by which the military modern complex kept on pushing for an acceleration in the contention as confirmation positive that the energy for full scale war was unquestionably ap parent. Numerous writers guarantee that Mills specific perspective on the manner by which the Soviet Union and the United States would clash because of the pressures made by the elements that have been recorded was not the aftereffect of the way that he really accepted this to be genuine however because of the way that he was endeavoring to disturb political change inside the United States.Mills, albeit a productive author and notable scholarly, was likewise an individual from the development known as the â€Å"New Left†. This specific development bought in to the view that the military and key components of the force tip top had altogether an excessive amount of control over the manner by which approach choices were being made and the regular man/electorate was less and less significant in deciding the eventual fate of the nation.Accordingly, creators have endeavored to show that as opposed to demonstrating his actual situation on the Cold War and what may happen because of the political moves that were making place at that point, Mills rather tried to make a development for change inside the current political structure by connecting with scholastics and learned people in understanding that the present course could just prompt clash and demolition of all frameworks equally.Yet another other view expresses that the genuine charm and intrigue of the Cold War was a hardening impact for American and Soviet pioneers. As they had the option to present to their kin and electorates that an existential danger existed outside of their own framework, they had the option to evoke levels of enthusiasm, conviction, and financial productivity/utility that would not have in any case had the option to be acknowledged (Saull 1124).As an aftereffect of the way that the authority of the two frameworks perceived and esteemed the significance that such a bi-polar perspective on the world affected on their populaces, the two sides were no uncertainty at any rate incompletely keen on keeping up the presence of abrupt encounter as a way to deal with their kin and direct the general proficiency of their economies. The entirety of the mystery and exchange hypotheses merit their place; be that as it may, on the grounds that the speculations of MAD and the prevention that other vital choices that were made by the two sides urged increasingly level heads to win during this chilled conflict.Merely because of the way that a hypothesis is old and has been tried and estimated a large number of times doesn't necessitate that another hypothesis ought to be taken care of (Roberts 1476). In like manner, albeit a considerable lot of Mills focuses bear investigation, it would be untimely and foolish to set up these speculations of the reliable and demonstrated hypotheses that have for such a long time assisted with characterizing the rationale of why the United States and Soviet Union had the option to keep the harmony between themselves during the tempestuous years en compassing the Cold War.What is imperative to comprehend from the previous examination isn't whether C Wright Mills or some other scholars were right; rather, understanding the various ways that these scholars and savants/political intelligent people saw the exchange between these superpowers and the resulting struggle or absence of contention it anticipated encourages the analyst to both comprehend and value the varying degrees of felt that served to subtlety and build up our present comprehension of the contention encompassing the Cold War.In thusly, attempting to demonstrate or invalidate C Wright Mill’s sees with connection to whether he was at last right in the manner he sorted and characterized remarkable advancements between these two superpowers is the fate of auxiliary significance to endeavoring to understanding the causal chronicled factors that assisted with building up the world view he attempts to provide for the peruser. Works Cited Goertzel, Ted G. â€Å"The Causes Of World War III: Thirty Years Later. † Sociological Forum 4. 2 (1989): 241. Scholarly Search Complete.Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Marino, Noel. The arms exchange. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Roberts, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War As History. † International Affairs 87. 6 (2011): 1475-1484. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Saull, Richard. â€Å"Social Conflict And The Global Cold War. † International Affairs 87. 5 (2011): 1123-1140. Scholastic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Warner, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Cold War In Retrospect. † International Affairs 87. 1 (2011): 173-184. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012.

Monitor a Safe Workplace Essay

|Unit BSBOHS407A |Qualification | |Monitor a Safe Workplace |Certificate IV in Frontline Management | |Learner | |Start Date | |Assessor | |Due Date | |Task |Description |Who |What |Duration |( 1 |Complete your exercise manual |Student |Workbook |10 hours | |Text book |( 2 |Journal passage (one every week) |Student |Diary |20 mins |( 3 |Scenario and Questions |Student |Questionnaire |1.5 hours |( 4 |Underpinning Knowledge Questions |Student |Questionnaire |1.5 hours |( 5 |Workplace Project |Student |Computer |6 hours (report) | |Work Team |+ time at work |( 6 |Supervisor’s Checklist |Supervisor |Checklist |15 mins | |Workplace Project: | |Create an OHS document for the data you gather while working through this unit. Think about your own association, or one that you have examined. | |Include the accompanying: | |description of your association; | |organisational diagram of your work environment with rundown of names, positions and obligations; | |floor plan of your working environment with crisis exits marked; | |your organisation’s OHS strategy and techniques; | |organisational outline and sets of responsibilities; | |information from applicable state or territory’s OHS specialists; | |information from national OHS specialists; | |Risk Assessment structures and directions/technique | |copies of your organisation’s records and reports identifying with OHS; and | |information from workers and wellbeing and security agents. | |Categorise the data and compose a substance page for the organizer/document. | |Conduct two (2) Risk Assessments on potential working environment dangers utilizing the organisation’s techniques; join the documentation. | |Contact your assessor on the off chance that you require additional data. | |_______________________________________ | |Student Signature | |DECLARATION: The joined data is all my own work | Authentication IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Candidate’s Name: ___________________________________________________ | |C |NYC | |FEEDBACK FROM MANAGER/SUPERVISOR | | |Please consider how the competitor GENERALLY performs. | |Does your input affirm that the applicant can: | |Provide data to the workgroup about OH&S strategies and techniques |( |( | |Implement and screen participative courses of action for the administration of OH&S |( |( | |Implement and screen an organisation’s systems for giving OH&S preparing |( |( | |Implement and screen methodology for distinguishing dangers and evaluating dangers |( |( | |Implement and screen the organisation’s strategies for controlling dangers |( |( | |Implement and screen the organisation’s systems for keeping up OH&S for the group |( |( | |How does the competitor screen wellbeing in the working environment? | |COMMENTS FROM SUPERVISOR REGARDING CANDIDATE’S PERFORMANCE AGAINST THESE COMPETENCIES | |Supervisor’s Name and Signature: | |Email: | | |Qualifications: | |Date: | Significant: The competitor can't be regarded skillful until this agenda is returned. If it's not too much trouble contact the assessor to talk about issues identifying with this evaluation, Corelink 02 9779 9800. Authentication IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Candidate’s Name: __________________________________ | |ASSESSOR’S OBSERVATIONS |Satisfactory | |Yes No | |Participates in bunch exercises and gathering conversation in the learning and advancement condition, OR, reacted to |( |( | |assessor’s inquiries in the necessary time allotment and to the necessary norm. | |Completed exercise manual exercises to suitable standard |( |( | |Recorded authentic subtleties of work environment issues in his/her diary and offered these issues and other conversation |( |( | |generating proof to the workshop bunch | |Discussed and exhibited a capacity to work through issues raised on a balanced premise with the assessor (where |( |( | |the assessor instructed the up-and-comer through the issue) | |Demonstrated supporting information on the presentation rules for this unit |( |( | |Performance in the learning and improvement condition was at a standard that mirrored the candidate’s information and |( |( | |understanding of this unit | |Ability to perceive chances to move learnings from bunch exercises and conversations into the work environment |( |( | |Knowledge of how the components and execution rules of this unit coordinate with and identify with the candidate’s |( |( | |organisation’s genuine methodology | |ALL proof submitted for appraisal was proper for the level at which the up-and-comer is being surveyed |( |( | |Used successful relationship building abilities to identify with and speak with others while in the learning and advancement |( |( | |environment | |COMMENTS FROM ASSESSOR REGARDING CANDIDATE’S PERFORMANCE | |Assessor Name and Signature: Date: | Significant: The up-and-comer can't be considered equipped until this agenda is returned. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ 1. Notes to Learner: †¢ ALL proof ought to be verified and connected to this report earlier to accommodation for appraisal. It is significant you flexibly enough proof so you can show that you are fit for performing at the fitting standard in the working environment. Without the necessary proof, you can't be surveyed as COMPETENT IN THE WORKPLACE by your assessor. †¢ The manager/outsider agenda is to be finished by your boss. On the off chance that you don't have a chief (for instance, on the off chance that you are an entrepreneur), contact your assessor to orchestrate a reasonable outsider to finish the agenda. †¢ Whether you are taking an interest in FLM encouraged learning workshops or learning self-managed, the assessor will finish an agenda to record proof of your cooperation in bunch conversation, bunch exercises or one-on-one meetings and messages. This will record an evaluation of your supporting information and capacity to move the learnings from the conversation and exercises back to the work environment. †¢ Please contact your assessor in the event that you need any support while getting ready or gathering this proof. †¢ If you don't have the guidelines about how to keep a Journal, if it's not too much trouble contact your assessor. †¢ If you don't comprehend anything completely, contact your assessor. †¢ Go to Corelink’s site on the off chance that you need tips on contemplating by means of separation learning. Survey Testament IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Situation Complete your answers utilizing a word processor. The appropriate responses don't should be extensive (visual cues will do). The organization you work for was as of late bought by another, a lot bigger organization. In spite of the fact that the representatives have been guaranteed that no conservations would happen they are as yet wary about what's on the horizon for them. The new directors have all the earmarks of being very open with staff about their vision for the organization and have acquainted significant changes with its work practices to assist them with accomplishing their destinations. Laborers are required to move to another security framework. There has never been a conventional framework set up previously. You have been placed accountable for the undertaking. Depict how you would approach the accompanying: a. Data Sessions on OHS Legislation b. Technique for disclosing industry guidelines to staff c. Draft of an appropriate OHS Policy d. Clarification of how available this approach ought to be to representatives e. Methodology for choosing OHS delegates and board of trustees f. Clarification of how gatherings will be directed g. Conference strategies you will utilize, and as evaluation of that discussion with representatives in regards to the ID of work environment risks h. Preparing necessities I. An agenda identifying with dangers in your work territory j. Draft of an Incident Reporting Procedure Supporting KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE Authentication IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Complete your answers utilizing a word processor. The appropriate responses don't should be extensive (visual cues will do). 1. Talk about the obligations that OH&S enactment puts on representatives and chiefs 2. Portray the legitimate obligations of wellbeing delegates and councils 3. What is implied by an employer’s OH&S ‘Duty of Care’? 4. What ought to OH&S reviews assess? 5. What OH&S records ought to be kept up? 6. For what reason do we have OH&S arrangements and methodology? 7. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ Corelink PTY LTDAssessment Tool  ©Corelink Pty LtdAssessment Tool

Bhavesh.Amin Essay Example For Students

Bhavesh.Amin Essay CSC 4810-Artificial Intelligence ASSG# 4 Support Vector MachineSVM is a usage of Support Vector Machine (SVM). SupportVector Machine was created by Vapnik. The primary fates of the programare the accompanying: for the issue of example acknowledgment, for the problemof relapse, for the issue of learning a positioning capacity. Underlyingthe accomplishment of SVM are numerical establishments of factual learningtheory. Instead of limiting the preparation blunder, SVMs minimizestructural chance which express and upper bound on speculation mistake. SVM are well known on the grounds that they for the most part accomplish great blunder rates and canhandle surprising sorts of information like content, diagrams, and pictures. SVMs driving thought is to order the information isolating themwithin a choice limit lying a long way from the two classes and scoring alow number of blunders. SVMs are utilized for design acknowledgment. Basically,a informational collection is utilized to prepare a specific machine. This machine can learnmore by retraining it with the old information in addition to the new information. The trainedmachine is as one of a kind as the information that was utilized to prepare it and thealgorithm that was utilized to process the information. When a machine is prepared, itcan be utilized to foresee how intently another informational collection coordinates the trainedmachine. At the end of the day, Support Vector Machines are utilized for patternrecognition. SVM utilizes the accompanying condition to prepared the VectorMachine: H(x) = sign {wx + b}Wherew = weight vectorb = thresholdThe speculation capacities of SVMs and different classifiers differsignificantly particularly when the quantit y of preparing information is little. Thismeans that if some system to expand edges of choice limits isintroduced to non-SVM type classifiers, their exhibition corruption willbe forestalled when the class cover is rare or non-existent. In theoriginal SVM, the n-class arrangement issue is changed over into n two-class issues, and in the ith two-class issue we decide the optimaldecision work that isolates class I from the rest of the classes. Inclassification, in the event that one of the n choice capacities arranges an unknowndatum into a positive class, it is ordered into that class. In thisformulation, if more than one choice capacity orders a datum intodefinite classes, or no choice capacities arrange the datum into adefinite class, the datum is unclassifiable. To determine unclassifiable areas for SVMswe talk about four sorts ofSVMs: one against all SVMs; pairwise SVMs; ECOC (Error Correction OutputCode) SVMs; at the same time SVMs; and their variations. Another issue of SVMis moderate preparing. Since SVM are prepared by a fathoming quadratic programmingproblem with number of factors equivalents to the quantity of preparing data,training is delayed for an enormous number of preparing information. We talk about trainingof Sims by disintegration procedures joined with a steepest rising strategy. Bolster Vector Machine calculation additionally assumes large job in internetindustry. For instance, the Internet is enormous, made of billions of documentsthat are developing exponentially consistently. Be that as it may, an issue exists intrying to discover a snippet of data among the billions of growingdocuments. Momentum web crawlers examine for catchphrases in the documentprovided by the client in an inquiry question. Some web search tools, for example, Googleeven venture to offer page rankings by clients who have previouslyvisited the page. This depends on others positioning the page accordingto their requirements. Despite the fact that these strategies help a large number of clients a dayretrieve their data, it isn't close at all to being a definite science. The difficult lies in discovering site pages dependent on your inquiry question thatactually contain the data you are searching for. Here is the figure of SVM algorithm:It is essential to comprehend the component behind the SVM. The SVMimplement the Bayes rule in intriguing manner. Rather than assessing P(x) itestimates sign P(x)- 1/2. This is advantage when our objective is binaryclassification with negligible excepted misclassification rate. Be that as it may, thisalso implies that in some other circumstance the SVM should be changed andshould not be utilized with no guarantees. .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .postImageUrl , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:hover , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:visited , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:active { border:0!important; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:active , .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0844f3b76de494a 344941aba8427ec17 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0844f3b76de494a344941aba8427ec17:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: My Move from Vietnam to America EssayIn end, Support Vector Machine bolster heaps of genuine worldapplications, for example, content arrangement, written by hand characterrecognition, picture order, bioinformatics, and so on. Their firstintroduction in mid 1990s lead to an ongoing blast of uses anddeepening hypothetical investigation that was currently settled Support VectorMachines alongside neural systems as one of standard instruments for machinelearning and information mining. There is a major utilization of Support Vector Machine inMedical Field. Reference:Boser, B., Guyon, I and Vapnik, V.N.(1992). A preparation calculation foroptimal edge classifiers. http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/papers/tanh.pdf

How To Get Good Quality Essays By Hiring A Pay Someone To Write Your Essay

How To Get Good Quality Essays By Hiring A Pay Someone To Write Your EssayThere are many advantages to using a pay someone to write your essay. The most common of these advantages is that you get a much better quality essay.One thing that is so different about writing an essay is that it requires a lot of thinking and feeling. You need to know what you are going to say, and how you are going to say it. This means that the writer has to be able to put their thoughts into words, in order to get it right.If you pay someone to write your essay, this is something that they are used to doing, and they will be in tune with how you think and feel about the subject matter. These writers can easily pick up on your feelings and your subject matter, and they will be able to write a more complete essay. They can even analyze your thoughts and opinions and come up with the best way to express them.A writer who is not used to working on essays and does not have to use the topic on a regular basis, cannot write as well as someone who has been doing it for a while. They will need to be more selective about what they write. If they only know the basics of what they need to cover, they may write very bland and boring essays. With the use of a professional writer, they can focus on the topic at hand and write very insightful essays.It is very easy to write a great essay if you hire someone to write it for you. It is not uncommon for students to have their essays dictated to them. Another good reason to hire a professional is because a writer can know the format that the essay needs to be written in. Knowing what the essay is going to require, means that they can know how to write it in the correct format.One great idea for finding a writer is to find someone that is already in the field of writing. They can help you find a writer, by suggesting a person that has experience with the type of essay that you are trying to write. If you are not sure who this person could be, you can as k for references from past clients.If you cannot find a writer locally, you can even outsource it to a writer in another country. The advantage to doing this is that the writer can be in another country, which means that they do not have to worry about the time zone problem. They can also be in another part of the world, which means that they can write an essay that is completely unique to their country.The last great benefit to hiring a writer is that you can get feedback on your essay. These writers are experts in their field, and they will have an idea of what they think of your essay before you even ask them to write it. This is a great advantage for you, and it means that you can really have a great idea of what you want your essay to be about, before you even begin to write it.

Warrior Ethos in The Tale of Sohrab and The Epic of Gilgamesh - Free Essay Example

In the tragedy of Sohrab and Rostam and epics of Gilgamesh, heroes Rostam and Gilgamesh have a passion to deal with the death of the most loved ones in their lives. Rostam loses his son, Sohrab, whom he murdered in the battlefield whereas Gilgamesh loses his colleague, Enkidu in the epic. Gilgamesh is the king of Uruk, he is a one-third man and two-thirds god, very strong and wise. Even though Gilgamesh is godly, he starts his kingship as a brutal tyrant. He completes his magnificent building projects in the city by oppressing people through hard labor, he also rapes any woman who impresses his imagination. People pray the gods in order to be delivered from such menace. The gods hear their cries creates a wild animal and Enkidu to challenge Gilgamesh. Enkidu lives with animals and grazes on their pasture and drinks water at their watering places, and even suckles their breasts. A hunter spots Enkidu and sends a prostitute to tame him in the wilderness. The people consider women in making wild men such as Enkidu domesticated and bring them in the civilized world. Therefore, Harlot teaches Enkidu everything he needs to be a man. Finally, he gets introduced into human life and becomes a night watchman in the city of Uruk. Enkidu is disturbed by what he hears about the Gilgameshs treatment to wedding brides. He decides to challenge Gilgamesh at the wedding. Gilgamesh forces his way to brides chamber, Enkidu steps on the doorway and intercept Gilgamesh entrance into the chamber. They fight for a long time Gilgamesh emerging the winner of the battle. Enkidu acknowledges Gilgameshs superiority and they become allies hence start having adventures together. They decide to go to cedar forest to steal trees beside it beingnevertheless forbidden for mortals. They come across a forest giant which is devoted to guarding the forest, Enlil. They fight the monster and with the help of Shamash, god of the sun they kill the giant, Humbaba. The men cut down the trees and use them to fashion humongous gate for the forest and the rest of the trees design a raft which they float on it back to Uruk. At Uruk the goddess of love, Ishtar, approaches Gilgamesh because lust has overcome her, unfortunately, Gilgamesh rejects her because of the previous mistreatment of his lovers. Ishtar becomes furious and asks her father, Anu, to request the skys god to send Heavens Bull to strike Gilgamesh. The bull comes down from the sky bringing seven years of devastation in Uruk. Enkidu and Gilgamesh wrestle the bull and slays it. After winning the battle, the gods of the sky have a council meeting and agree that one of the two allies must suffer punishment for their transgression. Consequently, Enkidu is chosen to face death. He shares his dreams of the underworld with Gilgamesh and after ten days he dies. His death heartbreaks Gilgamesh for his entire life. As a result, he continuously mourns for Enkidu along with seeking prospect about his own death. He further exchanges his kingly robes for wild animal skin as a sign of grieving Enkidu. In the Sohrab and Rostam tragedy, the scene starts when the army of Persians and Tartars are encamped along Oxus River waiting to witness a great fight between them. Sohrab, a youthful hero in Tartars army, early morning he leaves his bed and makes his solidarity way to Persian-Wisa. Commander of the Tartar army wishes to have an uncommon favor from the commander. He wants to challenge the leader from the Persians army with intention of seeking his father, Rostum, who he has never seen. Sohrab is discontented and restless to have the opportunity to engage in the duel. The battle day comes and the armies are on the ground ready to fight. Tartars and Persians armies are waiting for instructions from their respective commanders, Peran-Wisa comes in front of armies and says, instead of war there will be a duel, whereby, the last man standing in the duel will have a victory from the respective army. Gudurz, an official in the Persian camp hears that statement and urges Rostum to engage in the duel since he is the oldest and mightiest warrior in the camp. Rostum turns down the request because he considers himself old to face young warrior, Sohrab. Instead, he suggests that king Kae Kau should fight. Gudurz criticizes Rostums words and responds with statements which triggers Rostum spirit hence paving his way to the battlefield. Sohrab and Rostum make their way on the battlefield, they wrestle against each other although Sohrab is suspicious that he may be fighting against his father, Rostum lacks the same perception Sohrab had when combating. In the combat Rostum fatally stubs Sohrab. While Sohrab is laying down, he recalls the love of his father is the one which has brought him in the battle. Rostum finally realizes that he was fighting against his son when he sees his bracelet on Sohrab arm, which he had given Tahmina a long time ago to put to their child after their marriage. Tahmina hoped that the bracelet could protect him during the war. In conclusion, the ethics of war and harmony in Gilgamesh epic and Shahnameh portrays humbleness in supreme beings. Gilgamesh epic, the giant restraints from own greediness and arrogance and inflicting misery on others he portrays his humbleness and sorrow when he exchanges his kingly garments for wild animals skin as a reason of mourning Enkidu. On tragedy of Sohrab and Rostam, the Sohrabs father- Rostam cries bitterly after realizing that he had killed his son. The psychosomatic reactions of war and sorrow dont take part in the real world; hence such reactions should be acquiesced to reasoning and violence repression to keep in check. Works cited Colarusso, John, and Tamirlan Salbiev, eds. Tales of the Narts: Ancient Myths and Legends of the Ossetians. Princeton University Press, 2016. Cross, Cameron. If Death is Just, what is Injustice? Illicit Rage in Rostam and Sohrab and The Knights Tale. Iranian Studies 48.3 (2015): 395-422. George, Andrew, ed. The epic of Gilgamesh: the Babylonian epic poem and other texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. Penguin, 2002.

Dimensions of Diversity - 1127 Words

Introduction Each and every individual has his own unique characteristics that set him or her apart from other people. In that case, diversity as a term is used to denote any dimension utilized to bring out or identify the various differences between people and groups. It is important to note that today, with the world increasingly becoming a truly global village, it has become necessary for individuals to appreciate and embrace differences in others. In this text, I define diversity and highlight its dimensions (both hidden and visible). Further, I come up with a brief analysis of my tendency to judge individuals on the basis of their superficial, external or visible characteristics. Diversity: A Brief Overview Diversity according to Daft and Lane (2007) is essentially the existing differences among people in terms of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or other dimensions. It can be noted that the proper management of diversity must be preceded by a clear understanding of diversity and its nature. As I have already noted in the introductory paragraph, the world is increasingly becoming a global village and with this, the level of interaction between individuals from different backgrounds continues to be enhanced even further. Below, I highlight the various dimensions of diversity that help us outline the differences among people. The Various Dimensions of Diversity In general terms, diversity is made up of a myriad of traits. It is these traits that I refer to asShow MoreRelatedReport- Dimensions of Diversity1578 Words   |  7 Pages Dimension of Diversity Race and/or gender are not the definition of diversity. Diversity is all of us and how we are so different. To better understand diversity it can be broken down into four different dimensions and classifications. These points will help you begin to pick apart the complex topic of diversity. Dimensions 1. Dimension may be hidden/ visible a. Race, gender and possible age or wealth index may be a visible dimension that / would classify people into one group. b. IntelligentRead MoreDefining Diversity: the Evolution of Diversity1435 Words   |  6 PagesDEFINING DIVERSITY: THE EVOLUTION OF DIVERSITY by Camille Kapoor 1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS DIVERSITY? The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical ability, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differencesRead MoreDiversity And Inclusion Of Diversity1152 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity means understanding that individuals are unique or different in a particular way, leaning to accept and live with people with this differences. 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How Social Media As A Networking Strategy Essay - 1341 Words

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In the place of nearing them to beg to get a walk or perhaps an opportunity to â€Å"pick their mind,† you proceed to the leading page of the point whenever you provide them-and reveal it online. 2. Influence Your Content Influencing someone is really great; it’s even excellent if you can find various ways to extract value from that comment. There are three different blog posts based on best how to make your social media conversation more influencing. Read more – Why We Quit Focusing on Quick Social Media ROI: A New Approach of Screening Conversions. That’sShow MoreRelatedAs The World Is Growing, The Social Media Network Is Growing1721 Words   |  7 Pagesworld is growing, the social media network is growing vastly and rapidly as well. We have various social media sites present in the world among which some of the widely used are Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. 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The Concept of Political Representation Essay - 2655 Words

In â€Å"Political Representation,† Shapiro et al. (2009) say that â€Å"political representation lies at the core of modern politics.† Representation is usually linked to the concept of democracy (Shapiro et al. 2009). The concept of representation is explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Const. art. I,  § 1, 2). However, the meaning and appropriate form of â€Å"representation† have been debated by political theorists and philosophers for centuries. The definition of representation one chooses to use is influenced by the form of representation one finds most appropriate. Given the different forms of representation, legislators can be responsive in different ways. Representation also operates at two different levels – the national and local†¦show more content†¦2009). 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Analysis Of The Stakeholder Management Process Essay

ANALYSIS: The analysis of the stakeholder management process forms a very integral role in bringing up the expertise and under playing the strategies of carefully managing the stakeholders accordingly to their power and legitimacy. The different templates are used in bringing up the analysis of the process so as to technically prove the inference that these external bodies brought onto the project. The following are the different templates that establishes the role of the stakeholders more prominently and are very necessary and basic for the analysis phase of the project. POWER INTEREST MATRIX: 2 5 1 3 8 9 6 7 4 10 POWER Thus the power interest matrix shows the different entities and places them according to their effectiveness on the project and at what extent they can influence the project are given numeric value approximately to depict the same. 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Analyzing Team Names and Mascots by S. L. Prices...

The author S. L. Price of the article â€Å"the Indian Wars† analyzes the confusing subject of Native American names and mascots used in sports teams in high school, college, and professional levels. The article is written for Sports Illustrated and offers readers an insight into this debate whether indigenous symbols in sports are honoring or insulting in Native Americans. The author addresses this topic with evidence of both sides of the issue, and leaves the reader aware of the topic and its unclear stance in today’s society. This article examines the controversy of using Native American names and mascots by sports teams, even though the author provides two sides to the issue, the different evidence blinds the argument he is trying to make.†¦show more content†¦Another, a director pf the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office, Leigh J. Kuwanwisiwma claimed that he takes a neutral stance on the issue. He reasoned, â€Å"’ I don’t see anything wrong with Indian nicknames as long as they’re not meant to be derogatory’† (Price 63). Majority when asked about this issue mentioned similar statements. Can we avoid the historical context of words? Michael Yellow Bird, an associate professor of social work at Arizona State mentioned just that. He challenged, â€Å"’If people think this is how to honor us, then colonization has really taken hold’† (Price 64). He as well as others brought up the history of Native Americans and their partial extermination, being forgotten, cheated of their own land. Bird like others questions how these mascots and names honor the Natives. And how can Natives themselves be indifferent about this subject. S. L. Price offers a wide range of evidence from people that are on both ends of the spectrum about this issue. Even though Price offers a wide range of people’s voices, a weakness he brought to his article is the data. The author offers data as he states â€Å"a recent SI poll,† he does not define the word â€Å"recent† and leaves the data not as accurate and not as valid. Also he incorporates multiple data points and percentage throughout the article which gives it an inconsistent flow. Also the author does not provide a bibliography to the data. The data does present high

Working with Mobile Devices in Governance-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Working with Mobile Devices in Governance. Answer: Introduction Nowadays each and everyone own at least one cell phone or can be more. In fact, most recent figure reveals that two-thirds of the population owns a mobile phone. It can be either feature phones (screen is limited to text and very low-end graphics) or smartphone (like small computers). However, the market trend is more towards the smartphone. In addition to that, the market for smartphones is dynamic compared with featured phones. For instance, half of the world's populations are the users of smartphones (Fernando, Loke Rahayu, 2013). Cloud computing has a very significant influence on mobile technology as it makes these devices more powerful and cheaper. With cloud computing, the users can access the applications and services located remotely. Recent market trend unveils that apple iPhone, Google android phones are showing trajectory upward. The countrys productivity can be improved by effective governance. Effective Governance also increases its competitiveness. In a country like India, service of good governance is quite a challenging task (Sundar Garg, 2005). The basic services that are provided by the government services via mobile phones help the government to deliver public services. The cell phones are coupled with innovative potential in applications of mobile that have reached to its height. These help the mobile governance as a cornerstone in different schemes of state government. Increasing the wireless penetration and services of better awareness helps in increasing the upgrade of mobile governance services in the future. The government focuses on the improvement of mobile governance (Jo et al., 2015). The services that the mobile government provides are providing information that are basic which includes alerts of natural disaster to polling via mobile phones. Key words:Mobile technology, cloud computing, mobile governance Literature Review E-governance and M-governance E-Governance: The application of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is the E-Governance which includes delivering services of government, communication transactions, information exchange services that are held between G2C (Government to Customer) and G2B (Government to Business) and also different system of sand stone integration. There are four basic models that are available- government to employees, government to government, government to customers and government to business. M-Governance:(Mohamad, Building, Ismail, 2010)M-Governance is meant to provide access to those who are unable to access (means those prefer mobile phone or living in remote areas) the services offered by the government through the internet. By owning one cell phone and having access to one mobile network, then they can use the public services at anyplace at any time. M-governance is an innovative technology that brings government services to citizens by reducing the gap arising between them. Limitatins of M-Governance (Mohamad et al., 2010) explained about the limitations of m-governance. They are 1) Small sized phone: In rural areas, most of the people are relying on the small phone since they cannot afford the smartphone. 2) Government needs to take more care to ensure scalability and high availability of information. For this, the technology is to be more elaborated. 3) Some information is critical and needed to be safeguarded. Then will arise security and authentication problem. 4) Cost:To implement m-governance, a further channel is required in e-government. This channel will create additional costs. A substitute delivery channel can solve this to a certain extent.(Sreenivas, Manjunath, Abate, Weseni, 2016) 5) Some people use this technology for fun rather than productive activities. For example, hoax messaging. (Sreenivas et al., 2016) 6) Literacy problems: The reduced literacy rate creates some challenges in use of m-governance. (Sreenivas et al., 2016)M-Governance is an innovative technology. However, some part of the population is unable to access these technologies. For instance, poor people, illiterate peoples come under this category. Moreover, they are also denied from getting the benefits that offered by the government in other words m-digital divide. Today (2012) In this article also they agree that sometimes illiterate people face some sort of problems to access these services. This is because those people are unfamiliar with these devices and technology. The solution to this issue is that integrated speech assistance tools and by ensuring m-governance in regional languages. More and more people would use this service when proper awareness about services is given. Advancement in mobile technology will increase the usage among the masses. Tools The smart phone manufacturers group their devices to into different operating systems (Almunawar, 2015). The operating systems that are mostly used are RIM (Research in Motion), operating system with blackberry, windows operating system in mobile, symbian platform and all variation of UNIX that includes Android, Google and Apple iOS. (Mell Grance, 2011)Research in Motion has developed a system of mobile operating known as BlackBerry Operating System. Environment of Java development which includes IDE BlackBerry, Java Platform APIs, simulator of smart phones, and application of BlackBerry and vendors of third party like MobiHand are used for application developers. According to Almunawar 2015, modified kernel Linux is used to build an android operating system of Android. The maintenance and Android Development was developed by Android Inc. and was bought in 2005 by Google which is performed by Open Source Project of Android. The codes of the Android applications are mainly written in Java language by the use of Android SDK that includes a run time environment emulator for debugging and testing. The market of Google Android and different distribution channels like Handango and GetJar have an application that are distributed. The iOS of Apple comes from the Apple Mac OS X that is itself an operating system that is UNIX based and also the GUIs. The applications mainly in the Objective-c which uses iOS of Apple, Interface Builder and Xcode are built by the developers. The App Store of Apple has distributed applications which have almost 300,000 applications. The Windows mobile phone that uses Windows operating systems known as Windows Phone 7 is inherited from operating system of Windows Mobile. To make the user experience better, Microsoft designed Windows Phone 7 (Dinh et al., 2013). The codes are written through APIs by the developers such as API compass, Video API and sockets API (Presswire, 2012). The marketplace of Windows Phone distributes the Applications. There is also an operating system that has open source is known as Symbian. These operating systems are used for smart phones of Nokia. A Java application of ME with services layer are used in the service layer of operating systems. The developers of applications write all the codes in Java language, Perl, c++ or SDK that are customized for the developer of IDE who uses the applications. (Calheiros et al., 2011)The above mentioned mobile technologies have approached the technology of cloud in a broader way. The iCloud service of the Apple or androids helps the user to store data that includes pictures, audios, videos and also documentations. Apple has its different approach in developing cloud application of its own so that it can support the backup and storage of its own devices instead of going with the industry flow. The Apple operating system provides a reliable and secure synchronization feature with the cloud. Government perception The mindset of the government is not that easy to change. The government has built many infrastructures over the decades which do not easily communicate with each other. The perception of the government is changing day by day. They are using the concept of cloud to build scalable, secure and safe cloud solutions so that the efficiency of the government is increased (Dinh et al., 2013). The perception of government has now changed because they are able to deploy solutions that on the demand and also receives access to all the infrastructures without buying tools that are expensive. For ensuring cloud services in government, the agencies of government are looking for vendors who provide cloud services and also employ professionals who help them to move to cloud very efficiently and quickly. By existing infrastructures that are with bridges of networking, an efficient and controlled cloud can take place.(Sreenivas, Manjunath, Abate, Weseni, 2016) (Today, 2012)Mentioned the Current working areas of central government are bill payment system and filing income tax returns. They have been developing a framework for these services. Advantages of this framework are interoperability across several service providers and government departments (Sreenivas et al., 2016). Soon, we can expect services like disaster alerts in mobile phones as the m-governance is constantly developing. Possible m-Government Application Areas are: Notifications for payment of taxes, traffic condition information, notifications for civic authorities, disaster/crisis alerts, bill payment, support for education and government healthcare campaigns. Benefits of M-Governance for both citizens and public servants are: 1)The civil servant must carry data in either head or portable files when they are in the field. However, the emergence of m-governance helped them a lot to make better decisions and actions with the digitized government, 2)one of the major benefits is that the citizen can access the services and information at any place at any time (Today, 2012). In another way, it is beneficial for government also that they can ensure very critical information such as terror alerts are reaching the masses quickly and directly, 3)m-governance improves public interaction. since it provides a channel for interactions among policymakers, service consumers, service deliverers, civil society representatives, 4)m-governance lowers the effort and time needed in communication thereby motivating more and more communication, 5)m-government will boost the public servants productivity by allowing them to enter data and information at real time. Thus, it reduces the time needed them to spend on data related activities. In fact, they can use this time for other productive activities and 6) Availability of information at any time anywhere breaks the boundary and create a truly integrated digital nervous system for government. In a way to broadening the m-government concept, they are encouraging the citizen to use the full potential of their services. Citizens perception Almunawar MN (2015) narrated in his article about an issue related to client side. That is since the client (mobile users) is geographically dispersed, means long distance away from the cloud. As a result, it could affect the internet speed that in turn affects the performance, especially in data-intensive computation. The citizen thinks that the cloud has helped them to connect to their friends over social media (Computer, 2010). Connecting with all the old buddies has never been such an easy way that is now today. The citizen thinks that they are able to educate themselves through the medium of cloud computing. The whole world is connected together by the help of cloud computing which helps the citizens to save, upload or share files in the Internet. Security (Zhang, 2012) explained about the Challenges that are faced in the governance system come from three aspects of cloud computing: 1.the resources located on the data centre of service providers, 2. the client those interact with the resources, 3.the communication channel that connects client and resources. We will go through each aspect to study the most significant security challenge there, and come upwith appropriate solutions. As the results, our work will be including following three sections: secure computation with resources in a remote site, prevent information leak through the communication network and protect sensitive information on the client devices. Secure computation with resources in the remote location. Dividing task and keeping sensitive data on private cloud and rest can be maintained on the public is the solution. That is hybrid cloud computing. However, its cons are that it does not support data-intensive computing frameworks. Here they are suggesting MapReduce programming model as the example, and try to leverage the unique features which automatically partitions the job that is computing on all the data it works upon. Almunawar MN (2015) also cited in article regarding privacy issues and suggested a solution for this. Obviously, about the sensitive information of government agencies. Since the data is located remotely somewhere else, there arise one question like can the cloud providers offer the same protection as if it is stored locally? The third party cannot be trusted completely, since they do not provide any security and privacy to the data stored in the cloud. In this article, they are suggesting one solution to this issue as security-related activities can be assured to a third party such as ISO 27001 or SAS 70. Another one that is highly related to one as mentioned earlier is that since the data on the cloud is accessing through the open network like the internet, there affects the confidentiality of data. The major ones that arise as a topic of discussion among the researchers were security and privacy issues. Some of the proposals regarding security and privacy issues are appended. Protection is given to the identity of a mobile user from hackers. Xiao and Gong ha suggested a process which involves environment of mobile computing to create dynamic credential for all users of mobile. Next is all about malicious content in mobile devices. A platform is called cloud antivirus platform in which a separate network service or cloud have given the detection capabilities. However, R.Chow et al. suggested an inbuilt authentication platform to tackle the privacy issues. In fact, Jia et .al suggested two schemes called PRE (proxy re-encryption)and IDE (identity-based encryption) to solve security issues related to data. The factors that thrive mobiledevice to use cloud computing are less energy, less security, low storage, limited processing power, and battery. (Zhang, 2012)Prevent information leak through the communication network. Users are communicating with the client using client software. So there can be a possibility of side channel attacks. Web application components are used in both browser and web server. Therefore communication is essential, and this can lead to side-channel attacks. The automatic quantification and detection of solution is possible on side leaks of side channel in the web applications. Impact of cloud on M-Governance Research and Markets, 2012 explained about the impact of cloud on m-governance. For the public citizens, telecommunication corporations and government agencies, the cloud-enabled mobile governance offer boundless opportunities.The result of a survey in December 2010 by1105 government information group is that the apex three reasons which thrived the public bodies to include cloud to governance are quick access to data and information, simplifying IT framework and management and reduction in cost. The development in technology enhances the performance and adoption of cloud (Ferrer-Garcia, Gutirrez-Maldonado Riva, 2013).Cloud application is possible in many fields. One of the interesting areas is mobile technology. In this article one of the major areas of discussion is how the cloud computing environment can enhance the overall functions of all the device of mobile. According to Dihal et.al,2013 there so many factors that affect the mobile devices capability and availability.(Kumar and Lu,2010) explained these factors as memory storage, input methods, battery lifetime, processor capability. The issues of mobile devices can be mitigated by cloud computing (Chun and Maniatis, 2009). Aforementioned is beneficial to both consumers and service developers. As far as consumers concerned, they can access services like music, movies, and services despite their devices capabilities. In the case of developers since they had to manage only one version of their services in the cloud. Key findings/future references New intelligent services of mobile are enabled by cloud computing (Mohamad, Building Ismail, 2010). Cloud computing also collects the data from sensors of devices that provide the services that are customized (Wang and Deters, 2009). Research and Markets, 2012 cited in his article as mobile cloud computing is a still-evolving concept with various challenges includes reliability, delay in handover, data integrity, bandwidth limitation, task division for offloading, security of data and information in the device as well as in communication channel (Computer, 2010). According to the article written by Chen et al. 2011, the cloud computing recently has introduced a technology that allows the users so that the users get access to all the storage, development environment, infrastructure and software that is based on the model that is based on pay what the users use. The dynamic nature of cloud environment cannot be handled by the forensics of digital that are traditional. So an approach that is efficient to forensic investigation is proposed by the use of snapshots of Virtual machine. The future work on cloud computing is the architecture will the pattern of server less architecture. The server less pattern of architecture will determines the infrastructure that is needed dynamically. Conclusion Cloud computing has a very significant influence on mobile technology as it makes these devices more powerful and cheaper. With cloud computing, the users can access the applications and services located remotely. Recent market trend unveils that apple iPhone, Google android phones are showing trajectory upward. Effective Governance increases its competiveness. In this report, the details of mobile cloud computing is given which defines the m-governance and the e-governance. This report gives a detailed structure on what the government and the citizens think about mobile cloud computing and also illustrates the security that is provided by mobile cloud computing. There is also a detailed structure about the impact of m-governance in present world and some future works is detailed which helps to improve the mobile cloud computing. References Almunawar MN (2015) Benefits and Issues of Cloud Computing for E-Government. Review Pub Administration Manag3:e105. doi:10.4172/2315-7844.1000e105. Calheiros, R.N., Ranjan, R., Beloglazov, A., De Rose, C.A. and Buyya, R., 2011. CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms.Software: Practice and experience,41(1), pp.23-50. Chen, K., Hu, C., Zhang, X., Zheng, K., Chen, Y. (2011). Cloud Computing.IEEE Network, 4. Computer, E. (2010). Mobile Devices May Pose the Greatest Threat to Confidential Information , ISACA, 12. Dihal, S., Bouwman, H., de Reuver, M., Warnier, M., Carlsson, C. (2013). Mobile cloud computing: state of the art and outlook. Info, 15(1), 416.are https://doi.org/10.1108/14636691311296174. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., Wang, P. (2013). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), 1587-1611. Fernando, N., Loke, S. W., Rahayu, W. (2013). Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), 84-106. Ferrer-Garcia, M., Gutirrez-Maldonado, J., Riva, G. (2013). Virtual reality based treatments in eating disorders and obesity: a review.Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy,43(4), 207-221. Jo, M., Maksymyuk, T., Strykhalyuk, B., Cho, C. H. (2015). Device-to-device-based heterogeneous radio access network architecture for mobile cloud computing.IEEE Wireless Communications,22(3), 50-58. Mell, P., Grance, T. (2011). The NIST definition of cloud computing. Mohamad, R., Building, A., Ismail, N. A. (2010). Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92534-9_12 Presswire, M. (2012).Research and Markets: 4G Cloud Services for Mobile Governance. Sreenivas, N., Manjunath, G., Abate, Y., Weseni, T. A. (2016). Analyze on m-Governance for Better G2C Service in Ethiopia. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, 3(1), 123126. Sundar, D. K., Garg, S. (2005). A Framework for Indian Urban Local Bodies. The Proceedings of Euro mGov, 395402. Today, C. (2012). MVAS Empowering the Nation, (Jan), 15. Zhang, Y., Juels, A., Reiter, M. K., Ristenpart, T. (2012, October). Cross-VM side channels and their use to extract private keys. InProceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security(pp. 305-316). ACM.

Leadership Effects on Innovation Propensity

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Effects on Innovation Propensity. Answer: Introduction: The beginning of the 19th century saw a rise in the innovation sector as is evidenced by the immense industrial revolution. It gave a rise in the use of technology and thus it witnessed a subsequent increase in the standard of living of the common people. This essay critically discusses the theories of innovation, change and leadership of innovation and change. It then moves on to discussing two of the instances of innovation and change of the present day. Finally, the write up projects a self-assessment of leadership skills of the writer, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses. In the initial phase of the 20th century, Everett M. Rogers, the leading theorist propounded the Diffusion of Innovation. He defined the term as the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. The diffusion of innovation is divided into five distinct stages. They are awareness, evaluation, trial, interest and adoption. Awareness is the stage in which the people become aware of an innovation. It then moves on to the stage of interest, in which an individual gets interested in the new idea and therefore tries to seek additional information about it. In the evaluation stage, an individual mentally prepares to adopt the innovation and applies it mentally to the present and anticipated future. Rogers evaluates whether or not to try the innovation. In the trial stage, the individual makes a full use of the innovation and tries it personally. Adoption stage calls for the adoption and use of the innovation by the ind ividual (Sznajd 2013). According to Nan, Zmud and Yetgin (2014), the five stages of the theory was later amended to the following: persuasion, implementation, decision, knowledge, and confirmation. Knowledge is the new idea, and the individuals of the society having an understanding about the idea. During this stage, the innovation is not yet found out by the individuals. Persuasion is the stage where individuals try to find out about the new innovation. An individual actively tries to find out more about the innovation. In the decision stage, the individuals of a society decide whether or not the innovation has to be bought or adopted (Nan, Zmud and Yetgin 2014). In this stage, the individuals weigh in the pros and cons of adopting the innovation. In the implementation stage, the consumer of a product decides to give a trial to the product that he wants to purchase. He or she decides on the usefulness of the innovation and then takes a decision as to whether to purchase the product or not. According to Bu kin (2015), the confirmation stage is the stage where an individual accepts or rejects the innovation depending upon the potential of the innovation (Bukin 2015). In the year 1962, Rogers came out with the theory of diffusion of innovation to properly understand the process by which an innovation is perceived and adopted by the society. Innovation is the basic backbone of a nation. It forms the basic framework on which a country operates and develops. It helps the country to move ahead and reach the desired level of prosperity. The process of the diffusion of innovation theory has five distinct stages based on the adoption rate of an innovation. They are early adopters, innovators, late majority, early majority and laggards. The diffusion of innovation theory in the present day and age has a lot of takers. The theory of diffusion of innovation has a lot of strengths and weaknesses. According to OMahoney (2016), the strength of this theory lies in its applicability in the world of today. The theory offers a significant advancement over the previous theories (OMahoney 2016). The theory is very practical and is consistent with all the findings from all the surveys and experiments. It was the foundation for numerous promotional communication and marketing theories (Hayes 2014). Despite all these strengths of this theory, there are many weaknesses of this theory also. On the contrary, Di Benedetto (2015) said that one of the main weaknesses of the theory is that it is of a linear structure and is source-dominated. It is so because it presents the view from the perspective of the elite class. Another weakness of this theory is that it undermines the power of media. It gives importance to different types of peo ple who are important to the process of diffusion. Rogers failed to take into account the fact that media can also be used to provide a basis for group discussion. Another main weakness of the theory is that it inspires acceptance by groups who is not positive about the innovation (Di Benedetto 2015). This theory explores the stages through which an innovation passes down from the stage of manufacturing to the stage of availability to the consumers. The outcome of the theory is that it gives the idea of the stages that goes in the process of the distribution of an innovation in the market. The theory helps in the understanding of the stages through which a product passes in the market. The outcome can help us to understand the process of diffusion of an innovation. The theory can help us to understand the stages and thus analyze the process that goes on in the distribution of any new idea or innovation in the market. The outcome can help us to understand the process in which a product or an innovation, which might be an idea also, gets distributed in the world market. The understanding of the outcome can help us in getting a better perception of the stages of diffusion of an innovation, which can help to create successful planning of product launch in the future. The change management theory incorporates five building blocks of successful change. They are awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement (ADKAR). The theory talks about the ability to implement new skills and the ability to implement the change and understands the barrier that may hinder in implementing the change. It talks about the reinforcement to sustain the change and the mechanisms that are needed to keep the change in place. It also takes into account the recognition, rewards, incentives and successes. The ADKAR describes the key building blocks for a successful change (Day and Shannon 2015). According to Cameron and Green (2015), the theory essentially outlines knowledge, tools, resources, and the systematic approach to deal with change (Cameron and Green 2015). However, from Rock (2014), it can be also known that the theory shows how teams and people are influenced by a change in an organization. It deals with various disciplines that range from information tech nology to social, behavioral sciences, and business solution (Rock 2014). According to Hughes et al. (2016), change is pivotal and necessary in all organizations. It is an invariable process. However, the way the change is initiated, can vary from organization to organization. It can come as an external force or sometimes from the realization that some kind of change is necessary. The change in an organization allows companies to compete in a better way. It is required so that the company is better equipped to compete with its rivals (Hughes et al. 2016). According to Pugh (2016), it helps an organization to better understand the current trends and thus change keeping in mind the current trends of a market. It helps the individuals or the employees to better understand the need for change in an organization. It helps to understand the reason why the change was necessary. With the change, individuals will have a stake that is greater in the outcome since they help to implement the plan (Pugh 2016). However, according to Kazmi and Naarananoja (2014), there are certain weaknesses or disadvantages that this theory brings. In an organization if change is not implemented properly or clearly, then it can cause the failure of any project. If there is a lack of a thorough understanding of the culture of the organization amongst the employees, then it may lead to incorrect or corrupt information about the change. A bad change management plan can ruin the future of the company. Any kind of change brings with it a certain amount of negatives. Employees of an organization need to understand the after-effect and the repercussion of absorbing a change in an organization (Kazmi and Naarananoja 2014). This theory is essentially used to gauge the steps through which a product is adapted by the consumers. It depicts the five distinct stages through which a change is implemented. It discusses the force that brings along the change and the things that are required to keep the change in place. The outcome of the theory is that it provides a better understanding of the procedure of change in an organization. It helps to get a keen understanding of the stages of change. The outcome of the theory can help us in understanding the procedure of implementation of change in a company. In the future, it can help in implementing the plan for a change in a company. To bring about a change in a professional institution, the management must have a clear understanding of the outcome of the theory. Innovations and changes can be implemented in an organization only with the help of a capable and strong leader. Innovation leadership is a technique and philosophy that combines different kind of leadership styles to influence the workers to embrace new technologies and produce creative products, ideas and services. Encouraging creativity, supervisory encouragement, work group encouragement and organizational encouragement, all play a crucial role in deciding the adoption of change or innovation in an organization that can come in only with the help of a strong leader. A successful leader always finds out ways to make the innovation appealing to the employees of an organization to bring about a change in the organization. The theory is used to find out different kinds of leadership styles that is necessary in an organization. The outcome of the theory is to find out the way that a leader in an organization must function in order to bring about a change. The outcome can help us in understanding the new technicalities of the change that might affect the organization. The outcome can help the future managers to understand the need for a change in a company and help the employees to be motivated and open to bringing in the change. To illustrate these theories two instances of innovation can be taken into consideration: one successful and another one a lesser successful. 2007 witnessed Indias largest company in commercial and automobile sector, Tata Motors launching a four-seater car for a price of just 1450 Euro. This innovation from the house of Tata Motors became the worlds cheapest car where the company deliberately lessened the cost of production reducing the performance of the car and directing its focus towards low-cost design. Tata Nano is a product that has been poised out of eminent technological solutions like procedure of plastic in place of metal, indistinguishable and modular components. Tata Nano became a product drilled out of the companys successful innovation strategy, which is worth to be emulated by its rival in future years. People loved what they saw and Tata Nanos sale got bigger and better. The car did put India on the global map and Tata Nano was deemed a path breaker. Having a big brand name does not always guarantees success, Pfizer found that out when they made a fatal mistake of associating an identifiable brand name to something that was essentially out of nature. Ben-Gay aspirin was not the product people liked swallowing to ease off the pain, that taste of aspirin was more like the pain-relieving balm from the same brand that people demanded to let go their pain. The burning sensation that people talked about negated the companys idea of an aspirin product as a substitute of the balm. As is exemplified from the instance above, the transformational leadership skills is something that I would personally prefer. The transformational leadership entails the incorporation of change in a particular organization to bring about an overall alteration of the existing workings of a company. By adopting this type of leadership, I would be clear as to what kind of change is required to make my company succeed and develop in this fast and competitive world. I would prefer to challenge the status quo of the organization by introducing a new and innovative method of doing something. I would like to introduce new and creative innovations into the organization in order to make the company more successful. As this type of leadership indicates, I would work with my juniors and subordinates to find out the change that is needed in the company (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). I would try to inspire and begin the procedure of implementing the change in the company. The strengths of adopting this approach of leadership are that it will help to find a better way of doing things in an organization, I will have an edge over identifying the areas of the company that are not working, I can cater to many niche markets and explore the possibility. The weakness of adopting this type of leadership is that many people can be wary of the amount of risk involved in this procedure and it can put off people who are resistant to any type of change. References: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Bukin, K., 2015. Diffusion of innovation: a model of evolutionary processes.Economic Policy,6. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Day, G. and Shannon, E.A., 2015. Leading and managing change.Leading and Managing Health Services: An Australasian Perspective, pp.295-304. Di Benedetto, C.A., 2015. Diffusion of innovation.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hughes, D.L., Dwivedi, Y.K., Simintiras, A.C. and Rana, N.P., 2016. Change Management. InSuccess and Failure of IS/IT Projects(pp. 57-65). Springer International Publishing. Kazmi, S.A.Z. and Naarananoja, M., 2014. Collection of Change Management Models-An opportunity to Make the Best Choice from the Various Organizational Transformational Techniques.GSTF Business Review (GBR),3(3), p.1. Nan, N., Zmud, R. and Yetgin, E., 2014. A complex adaptive systems perspective of innovation diffusion: an integrated theory and validated virtual laboratory.Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,20(1), pp.52-88. O'Mahoney, J., 2016. Archetypes of Translation: Recommendations for Dialogue.International Journal of Management Reviews,18(3), pp.333-350. Pugh, L., 2016.Change management in information services. Routledge. Rock, D., 2014.Quiet leadership. HarperCollins e-books. Ryan, J.C. and Tipu, S.A., 2013. Leadership effects on innovation propensity: A two-factor full range leadership model.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.2116-2129. Sznajd-Weron, K., 2013. Diffusion of innovation.